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Bacteria Chp. 8
Discovery of the Bacteria World
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cells which do not have a nucleus and have few organelles | Prokaryotic |
| Cells which have a nucleus and a great number of organelles | Eukaryotic |
| Obligate Anaerobes | Organisms that have to live in an non-oxygenated environment. Oxygen will kill these organisms |
| Obligate Aerobes | Organisms that must live in an oxygenated environment. Use oxygen to metabolize and survive. |
| Facultative Anaerobes | Organisms that can survive in either environment, oxygenated or non-oxygenated. |
| Extreme Halophiles | Bacteria that live in extremely salty environments such as the great salt lakes of Utah or the Dead Sea. |
| Methanogens | Bacteria that are anaerobes and produce methane gas as a byproduct to their existence. They live in places like bogs, swamps and sewer treatment plants. |
| Thermoacidophyles | These are bacteria that live in extremely hot or acidic conditions like volcanic vents or hot springs. |
| This kingdom contains extreme halophiles, methanogens, and thermoacidophiles. | Archeabacteria. |
| When using the gram staining technique this type of bacteria will retain the purple stain. | Gram positive |
| What are the 3 shapes of bacteria | Rod, Spherical, and spiral. |
| What is the rod shaped bacteria called? | Bacilli |
| What is the spherical shaped bacteria called? | Cocci |
| What is the spiral shaped bacteria called? | Spirilli |
| What is the strepto formation of bacteria? | A line or filament |
| What is the staphylo formation of bacteria | It is a group or cluster of bacteria |
| What is the order of naming of bacteria | The formation comes first followed by the shape name. |
| What is gram positive bacteria | Bacteria that have a greater amount of peptidoglycan. |
| What are archeabacteria and eubacteria separated by; | Archeabacteria lack peptidoglycan and eubacteria have peptidoglycan in the cell wall composition. |
| Where do thermophilic bacteria live. | The live in hot voalcanic, and hot spring type of environments. |
| What are polysaccharides | This is the substance that makes up the glycocalyx and capsule of bacteria. |
| What are the two formations of bacteria | Strepto which is a line or filament and staphylo which is a cluster or group. |
| Gram negative | The bacteria that does not retain purple dye because of lacking peptidoglycan |
| Where are the enteric bacteria found | In the Intestines |
| What are the 4 phylums of bacteria | Cyanobacteria, Spirochetes, Gram Positive, Protobacteria. |
| What are capsules made up of | polysacharides |
| Where do the actinomycetes bacteria live | Found in soils |
| What are the 3 types asexual reproduction | Binary Fission, budding and fragmentation. |
| How do archaebacteria reproduce | Asexually |
| What are heterotrophs | Organisms that cannot make their own food. |
| 4 Staining steps to the gram technique | 1. put bacteria on a microscope slide 2. apply crystal violet stain, 3. apply alcohol rinse, 4. if stain remains, it is gram positive, if stain is washed out, we apply a pink stain for identification of gram negative. |
| Who came up with the Gram staining technique | Hans Gram |
| What is cyanobacteria | Bacteria that is photosynthetic. |
| What is eutrophication | It is a population explosion of bacteria. |
| What are autotrophs | Organisms that make their own food. |
| What are chemoautotrophs | organisms that obtain energy by using chemicals in their environment. |
| What is a petri dish | Small round dish that has a growing medium called agar in it that bacterial can grow in. |
| Mutualistic Symbiotic Relationship | When two organisms live with each other, each providing something for the other, like rhizobium a bacterium that lives with soybean plants. |
| What is a photoautotroph | An organism that uses light to produce their own energy. |
| What is tremponema, pallidium | A species of spirochetes, that causes syphallus |
| Plasmid | Is an accessory amount of DNA in bacteria. |
| Transduction | A form of sexual reproduction that allows bacteria to share genetic information in the production of offspring. |
| What is an endotoxin | Gram negative bacteria, that after death release their toxin to the environment. |
| What is an exotoxin | Gram positive bacteria that release toxin as they live and thrive. |
| What does the capsule, pili, and glycocalyx do | Aid in the attchment of bacteria to surfaces. |
| What is rhizobium | a soil bacteria that lives with soybeans, and fixates or converts atmospheric nitrogen to a form of nitrogen that the plant can use. |
| the benificial form of eColi bacteria does what for us. | Produces vitamine K |
| Penicillin | Controls gram positive bacteria as an antibiotic |
| What are saprophytes | heterotrophic organisms that decompose dead organisms |
| Conjugation | The transfer of genetic information between two bacteria and a form of sexual reproduction. |
| Endospore | a protective covering that surrounds DNA and some cytoplasm of the bacterial cell during harsh environmental conditions. |
| Tetracycline | Antibiotic for gram negative. |
| Harmful bacteria | Causes diseases such as strep throat, food poisoning and can be used as biological weapons. |
| 3 Methods of bacteria movement | Wind, water, animals and body contact and fluids. |
| What bacteria help cattle digest grass | methanogens. |
| Lactobacilli | gram positive, rod shaped bacteria from milk and it causes tooth decay |
| What are monerans | all bacteria including archaebacteria and eubacteria. |
Created by:
dfinch
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