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Vocab Module 8

Module 8 Vocab Exploring Creation with Biology

QuestionAnswer
True breeding When a certain characteristic is always passed on to offspring
Allele One of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes
Genotype Two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait
Phenotype Observable expression of an organism's genes
Homozygous genotype Genotype in which both alleles are identical
Heterozygous genotype Genotype with two different alleles
Dominant allele Allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype
Recessive allele Allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele
Mendel's Principles of Genetics #1 The traits of an organism are determined by its genes.
Mendel's Principles of Genetics #2 Each organism has two alleles that make up the genotype for a given trait.
Mendel's Principles of Genetics #3 In sexual reproduction, each parent contributes only one of its alleles to the offspring.
Mendel's Principles of Genetics #4 In each genotype there is a dominant allele. If it exists in an organism the phenotype is determined by that allele.
Pedigree Diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations.
Monohybrid cross Cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait
Dihybrid cross Cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits
Autosomes Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual
Sex chromosomes Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
Antigen Protein that triggers the production of an antibody when introduced in the blood
Autosomal inheritance Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome
Genetic disease carrier Person who is heterozygous in a recessive genetic disorder
Sex-linked inheritance Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes
Mutation Radical chemical change in one or more alleles
Change in chromosome structure Situation in which a chromosome loses or gains genes during meiosis
Change in chromosome number Situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either none of a particular chromosome in the gamete or more than one chromosome in the gamete
Created by: michelemegna
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