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Chapter One
Linguistics
| term | definition |
|---|---|
| arbitrary | There is no natural relationship between the way a word is pronounced (or signed) and its meaning. |
| Descriptive Grammar | A linguist's description or model of the mental grammar, including the units,structures, and rules. An explicit statement of what speakers know about their language. |
| Grammar | The mental representation of a speaker. |
| Lexicon | A speaker's mental dictionary of morphems and words. |
| Morphology | The study of the structure of words; the component of the grammar that includes the rules of word formations. |
| Phonology | The sound system of a language; the component of a grammar that includes the inventory of sounds and rules for their combination and pronunciation; the study of sound systems of all languages. |
| Semantics | The study of the linguistic meaning of morphems, words, phrases, and sentences. Assigning meaning to words. |
| Sign Languages | The languages used by deaf people in which linguistic units such as morphemes and words as well as grammatical relations are formed by manual and other body movements. |
| Syntax | The rules of sentence formation; the ecomponent of the mental grammar that represents speakers' knowledge of the structure of phrases and sentences. |
| Universal Grammar | (UG) The innate principles and properties that pertain to the grammars of all human languages. |
| Sound Symbolism | Words whose promumciation suggests the meaning. |
| Onomatopoiec | Words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. |
| Linguistic Competence | What we know about our language. |
| Linguistic Performance | How we use our knowledge in actual speech production and comprehension. |
| Prescriptive Grammar | When grammar is 'perscribed', rather than 'described'. |
| Prestige Dialect | That variety of the language spoken by people in positions of power. |
| Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis | The claim that the structure of a language influences how its speakers perceive the world around them. |
| Linguistic Determinism | Strongest form of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. The language we speak determines how we perceive and think about the world (False). |
| Linguistic Relatavism | Weaker form of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Different languages encode different catagories therefore speakers of different languages think about the world in different ways. |
Created by:
nipper
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