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Bio 9 (2) chapter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm and organelles into two daughter cells during cell division; normally occurs during telophase of mitosis |
| cell plate | series of vesicles that fuse to form the new plasma membranes and cell wall separating the daughter cells |
| phosphorylate | add a phosphate group to |
| alleles | alternative form for a particular gene |
| meiosis I | separates the pairs of homologues and sends one of each into two daughter nuclei, producing two haploid nuclei |
| Meiosis II | separates chromatids and parcels one chromatid into each of two more nuclei, producing four haploid daughter nuclei |
| fertilization | fusion of the male and female haploid gametes, to form a zygote |
| zygote | diploid cell (fertilized egg) formed by the fusion of two gametes |
| crossing over | mutual exchange of DNA between maternal and paternal chromosomes at chiasmata |
| chiasmata | point at which a chromatid of one chromosome crosses with another chromatid during prophase I of meiosis; site of exchange of chromosomal material btw chromosomes |
| recombination | formation of new combinations of the different alleles of each gene on a chromosome; result of crossing over |
| independant assortment | which member of a pair of homologous chromosomes faces which pole of the cell is random |