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Histology #1
Histology 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Type VII Collagen Locations | Anchoring fibrils of skin, eye, uterus, and esophagus |
| Type VII collagen functions | secures basal lamina to CT Fibers |
| Type V collagen locations | Distrubuted in CT stroma, surface of Type 1 fibers |
| Type V collagen functions | modulate biomechanical properties of type 1 fibrils |
| Type IV collagen locations | basal lamina of epithelium, kidney glomerlui, lens capsule |
| Type IV collagen functions | filtration and support barrier |
| Type III collagen locations | loose connective tissue, organs, smooth muscle, endothelium, blood vessels, fetal skin |
| Type III collagen functions | forms reticular fibers, provides support scaffolding for specialized cells of organs and blood vessels |
| Type II collagen locations | cartilage(hyaline and elastic) notochord, intervertebral disc |
| Type II collagen functions | resistance to intermittant pressure |
| Type I collagen locations | CT of skin, bone, tendons, ligaments, sclera, fascia, organ capillaries |
| Type I collagen functions | provides resistance to force, tension and stretch |
| Elastic cartilage ECM components | Type II collagen, elastic fibers, aggrecan |
| Elastic cartilage function | Provides flexible support |
| Elastic cartilage characteristics | Has perichondrium, does not undergo calcification, has chondrocytes and blasts |
| Fibrocartilage locations | Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, articular discs, TMJ, mensci, insertion of tendons |
| Fibrocartilage characteristics | resists deformation, no perichondrium, undergoes calcification during bone repair |
| Fibrocartilage ECM | chondrocytes, fibroblasts, type II collagen, versican, proteoglycan |
| Hyaline cartilage GS | chondrotin sulfate, keratin sulfate, hylauronic acid, H2O |
| Hyaline capsular matrix consists of | Type VI and IX collagen |
| Bone function | support of soft tissue, protection, movement, mineral storage of calcium and phosphate ions, hemopoesis, energy storage |
| Perichondrium | Dense CT layer, source of new cartilage cells, inner cellular layer, outer fibrous layer |
| Appositional growth of cartilage | forms new cartilage at the surface of existing cartilage, inner portion of perichondrium |
| Interstitual growth of cartilage | division of chondrocytes in lacunae, forms new cartilage within existing cartilage mass |
| CT proper | Dense regular and irregular connective loose connective tissues |
| Adipocytes | cells found in adipose tissue, receptors for hormones, secrete hormone leptin |
| Plasma cells | differentiated B-lymphoytes, antibody producing cells, limited migratory capabilites, 10-30 day life span |
| Nk cells | form of T lymphocyte, destroys viral cells and some tumor cells, not antigen specific |
| B lymphocytes | Mature in bone marrow or GI tract, antigen recognizing cells, antibody mediated immunity |
| T lymphocytes | migrate to thymus to mature- cell mediated immunity long life span |
| lymphocyte | T cells, B cells, NK cells |
| macrophages | dervied from moncytes, indented nucleus, also called histocytes, can be wandering or resident, might have psedopodia |
| degranulation | antibody-antigen reaction at surface of cell causes. |
| Mast cell secretions | Histamine, heparin, leukotrienes, serine proteases, eosinophilic chemotactic factor |
| Histamine | increases permabilty of capillaries |
| Heparin | sulfated GAG, anticoagulant |
| Leukotriene | modified lipid, produces prolonged constriction of airway |
| Eosinophilic chemotactic Factor | attracts neutrophils and eosinophils to inflammation site |
| Trypase | Serine protease, mast cell marker |
| Chymase | Serine protease- generates angiotension II to vascular tissue injury |
| Mast cells | Found in CT, release histamine and other immune response factors, not derived from basophils, have the same stem cells as basophils |
| reticular cells | Found in lymphatic tissue, forms 3D network of cells, phagocytic, produces reticular fibers |
| Reticulum | 3D network of reticular fibers |
| Pericytes | adult mesenchymal stem cells, also called adventita or pericvascular cells. found in capillaries and venules, can diferentiate into smooth muscle and other types of cells |
| Mesenchymal cells | stem cells associated with blood vessels - star shaped found in CT |
| myofibroblast | makes contractile fibers, can contract, in granulation tissue, helps in wound closure, spindle shaped. |
| Fibrocyte | mature fibroblast, done laying down new fibers, found in dense CT, has lg processes, uninucleate, syntheses protein for ECM maintanance |
| Fibroblast | Most abundant CT cell, found in loose CT, forms fibers maintains ECM, lg round nucleus |
| cells of CT | mast cell, fibroblast, fibrocyte, plasma cell, macrophage, adipose, mesenchymal stem cells, myofibroblasts |
| Formation of Elastic tissue | Elastin synthesized by fibroblasts, tropoelastin polymerizes into elastin |
| Elastic Fiber components | elastin proteins, elastin core with microfibril cortex |
| Reticular Fiber components | Type III collagen, netlike patterns |
| Reticular Fiber functions | immune system - lymph nodes, provide support framework for cellular components |
| step 1 of collagen fibril formation | Uptake of amino acid by endocytosis |
| Step 2 of collagen formation | Formation of mRNA |
| Step 3 of collagen formation | synthesis of alpha chains by ribosomes |
| step 4 of collagen formation | hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues with Vitamin C and cleavage of signal sequence of rER |
| Step 5 of collagen formation | glycosylation of specific hydroxylysyl residues in rER |
| Step 6 of collagen formation | formation of procollagen triple helix in rER |
| step 7 of collagen formation | packaging of procollagen by Golgi into vesicles |
| step 8 of collagen formation | movement of vesicles in plasma membrane |
| Step 9 of collagene formation | Exocytosis of procollagen |
| Step 10 of collagen formation | cleavage of tropocollagen to from collagen molecules |
| Step 11 of collagen formation | polymerization of collagen in fibrils |
| Types of GAGs | Hyaluronin, Chondrotin sulfate, keratan sulfate, dermatin sulfate, heparan sulfate, heparin |
| GAGs | long unbranched chains of repeating dissacharides, acidic and negatively charged, most abundant organic molecule of CT GS, responsible of physical properties of GS, permits rapid diffusion of H2O soluble molecules |
| Connective tissue derivitives | mesoderm except small portion of head that is ectoderm |
| ECM comprised of | protein fibers (collagen and elastin) and GS |
| Organic molecules of ECM | glycoproteins, GAGs, proteoglycans |
| Proteoglycans | GAGs covalently bonded to proteins- very lg macromolecule |
| Types of Proteoglycans | Aggrecan, decorin, versican, syndican |
| Aggrecan | non-covalent bond to hylauron |
| Multiadhesive glycoproteins | fibronectin, laminin, tenascin, osteopontin, entactin/nidogen |
| Fibronectin | glycoprotein - used in cell adhesion |
| Laminin | glycoprotein- binding site for collagen |
| Tenascin | glycoprotein- wound and tumors |
| Entactin/Nidogen | glycoprotein Basal lamina specific protein |
| Hylauronic acid | free carb chain in ECM , non sulfated GAG, not postranslationally modified, synthesized by enzymes on cell surface, long rigid chain of thousands of dissacharides, does not covalently bind to proteins |
| What determines CT function | GS |
| Types of Bone | medullary (spongy) cortical (compact) |
| trabeculae | struts and plates in spongy bone marrow found between trabeculae |
| Endosteum | active layer during bone grwoth and remodeling- covers trabeculae of spongy bone. simple flattened layer of osteoprogenitor cells - no CT |
| Osteoprogentior cells | Precursors of bone cells. found on surface of bone and endosteum- diferentiate into osteoblasts |
| Osteoblasts | produce new bone matrix by osteogensis |
| Osteoclasts | bone reabsorbing cells present on the bone surface in shallow spots (Howship's lacunae) |
| Osteoclasts | Mature osteoblasts surrounded by lacunae |
| Calcitrol (Vitamin D) | pulls Ca and phosphate from diet |
| Calcitonin | stimulates osteoblasts in children and pregnancy. regularly overriden by PTH |
| Enzymes of ruffled border | collagenase, proteases, lactic acid, citric acid |
| reabsorption / deposition rxn | as PTH increases, Ca decreases and stimulates osteoclasts to reabsorb bone. As PTH decreases, Ca increases osteoclasts are inhibited and osteoblasts can deposit new bone matrix |
| Bone matrix proteins | Proteoglycans, multiadhesive glycoproteins, bone specific vitamin K dependent proteins, Growth factors and cytokinins |
| Intremembranous ossification | bone formed by differentation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts- growth of flat bones |
| ruffled border | microvilli of osteoclasts- releases enzymes to breakdown bone matrix for reabsorption |
| Osteocalcin | Binds Ca - concentrated in areas where bone growth is wanted |
| Sharpy's Fibers | Collagenous fibers incorperated into bone tissue from tendons and ligaments as well as periosteum. Bonds tendond and ligaments to bone |
| 5 zones of cartilage- diaphysis out | zone of reabsorption, zone of califying cartilage, zone of hypertrophic cartilage, zone of maturing cartilage, zone of profileration, zone of reserve cartilage |
| reserve zone | Hyaline cartilage |
| Three types of blood cell granules | Specific ( secondary), azurophilic (primary), tertiary |
| Specific blood cell granule | secrete chemicals for immune response |
| Azurephilic blood cell granule | Lg lysosome |
| Teritary blood cell granule | secrete enzymes into excellular space |
| Neutrophils | most prominate blood cells, most are lysosomes, metabolize anaerboically, avid phagocytes |
| Eosinophils | Slightly lgr than neutrophils, granules are most specific type crystalline core, lysomal enzymes, kills parasites, phagocytotic against bacteria, released into EC fluid, dampens immune response, not as active as neutrophil |
| Basophil | smallest granular blood cell, granules contain heparin histamine, fx like mast cells same line not precursor, weakly phagocytic, has organelles |
| Lymphocyte | smallest agranular blood cell, circulating in lymphatic system, many ribosomes, single round nucleus with halo |
| Monocytes | lgest agranular blood cell, round to kidney shaped nucleus, many ribosomes, transported in blood, leave blood enlarge and become macrophages, best phagocyte, aerobic metabolism, can renew easily, antigen presenting |
| Opsinizaton | coating with antibodies the attraction and enhancement of phagocytosis |
| Difference between monocyte-macrophage and reticuloendothelial systems | monocyte-macrophage system does not include reticular or endothelial cells. Both systems are groupings of phagocytotic cells types |
| Function of red marrow | storage and formation of Hb, erythrocyte formation, maturation of B-lymphocytes |
| Monophyletic theory of hemopoesis | That all blood cells come from a common stem cell - the hemocytoblast |
| Pleuripotential stem cell | hemopoietic stem cells give rise to all others |
| Erythropoesis | Hemocytoblast - proerythroblast-basophilic erythoblast-polychromatic erythrocyte-normoblast-reticulocyte-erythrocyte |
| Granular Leukopoiesis | hemocytoblast-myleoblast- promyleoblast-myleocyte-metamyelocyte-band cell- mature leukocyte |
| agranular lymphopoiesis | hemocytoblast-lymphoblast-prolymphocyte-lymphocyte |
| agranular monopoiesis | hemocytoblast-monoblast-promonocyte-monocyte |
| Thrombopoiesis | hemocytoblast-megakaryoblast-megakaryocyte-platelets |
| Hyaline cartilage cells | Perichondrium present, undergoes calcification, chondrocytes,blasts |
| Hyaline ECM | Type II collagen, aggrecan |
| Cartilage growth | Interstitiual and appostional growth limited in adults |
| cartilage repair | very limited, forms scar resulting in fibrocartilage formation |
| Elastic cartilage locations | external ear, ext acoustic meatus, auditory tube, larnyx (epiglottis, corniculate cuniform) |
| Areolar CT characteristics | most abundant CT proper, cells fibers and GS, has vascularized |
| Neuropil | Meshwork of axonal, dendritic, and glial processes associaated with gray matter |
| Encapsulated ending axons | Krause's end bulb, ruffini's corpuscle, meissners, pacinician, musle spindles |
| Non-capsulated ending axons | found in CT, epithelial and hair follicles |
| Ventral horn of spinal cord | cell bodies of motor neurons - efferent neurons |
| Epineurium | dense irregular CT that surrounds and binds nerve fascicles into common bundles |
| Perineurium | Specialized connective tissue surrounding nerve fascicles., metabolically active diffusion barrier, contributes to blood-nerve barrier , fibroblasts absent |
| Endoneurium | Loose connective tissue associated with individual nerve fibers |
| PNS ganglion cells derived from | Neural crest |
| CNS neuron derived from | neuroectodremal cells of neural tube |
| CNS myelin proteins | proteolipid protein, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein |
| External lamina - nervous tissue | dips into and covers node of ranvier |
| Schmidt-Lanterman clefts | small island with in successive lamellae of the myelin, cytoplasm contains lysosomes and mitochondria, microtubules, dense bodies |
| Perivascular feet | wrap around blood vessels that serve the brain, help to create blood brain barrier, some contact paia mater to form pia-glial membrane, secrete substances that stimulate creation of tight junctions |
| Protoplasmic astrocytes | numerous short brnaching cytoplasmic processes, found in gray matter, tips of processes are perivascular foot processes |
| Astrocytes | supports, modulates neuron activities in CNS, lgest cells in CNS, 2 types- fibrous, protoplasmic, stellate shaped, lots of mitochondria |
| Blood brain barrier | endothelial cells joined together with tight junctions, endothelial basla lamina and end foot processes of astrocytes |
| Tannucytes | specialized ependymal cells that transport CSF to the hypothalamus |
| Nervous tx derives from | ectoderm neural groove becomes neural tube |
| Motor neurons | Convey impulses to CNS or ganglia |
| Interneurons | communicating and intergrating network between sensory and motor neurons - 99.9% of all neurons |
| Nerve cell body | has smooth and rough ER, lots of mitochondria, no centrosome, 1 pair centrioles |
| Multipolar neurons | motor and interneurons |
| Unipolar neurons | Sensory neurons |
| Bipolar neurons | Retina of eye, vestibulocochlear ganglia |
| Ganglia | nerve cell bodies outside of CNS |
| Autonomic nervous system regulates | smooth muscle, cardiac conducting cells, glandular epithelium |
| Unipolar neurons | located in dorsal root ganglia, cranial nerve ganglia |
| Nissl Bodies | Ribosomal content of the axoplasm. corresponds to rER |
| Organelles that pass through axon hillock into axon | microtubules, neurofilaments, mitochondria, vesicles |
| Periaxoplasmic plaques | discrete areas of axoterminals. Biochemicals and molecules characteristics of protein synthesis |
| CNS neuroglial cells | oligodendrocytes, microglia, astrocytes, ependymal cells |
| PNS neuroglial cells | schwann and satellite cells |
| Sheath of Schwann | external contigous with myelin sheath thin collar of perinuclear cytoplasm. contains nucleus and organelles of schwann cells |
| Thickness of myelin sheath | determined by diameter of axon |
| Microglia | phagocytic cells of CNS, precursors in bone marrow, secrete cytokinins, fx as antigen presenting cells, smallest and fewest of CNS cells, small nucleus , twisted processes |
| Oligodenrocytes | responsible for maintaining and production of myelin sheath in CNS, many processes that wrap around axon sheaths, smaller than astrocytes |
| Interfascicluar Oligodendrocyte | Manufature and maintain myelin sheath of CNS |
| Perivascular oligodendrocyte | clustered around capillaries |
| Ependymal cells | line ventral and central canals, tight junctions, lack external lamina, apical surface has microvilli, cilia, lines choroid plexus, involved in production of CSF - blood brain barrier absent |
| Compostion of CSF controlled by | Epidymal cells. Fluid leaks out of capillaries and diffuses through epidymal cells |
| Latch State | Phosphorylation of myosin head. May remain attached to actin filament (contracted) minimal expediture of ATP |
| Connective tissue components of smooth muscle | endomysium sheaths and bundles |
| Connective tissue components of cardiac muscle | Endomyseium |
| Regulation of striated muscle contraction | Binding of calcium to TnC causes tropomyosin movement and exposes myosin binding sites on actin |
| Smooth muscle cell to cell junctions | Gap junctions only |
| Ca - calmodulin-myosin light chain kinase system | system that regulates contraction of smooth muscle |
| Dense Bodies | smooth muscle protein masses where actin filaments and intermediate filaments intersect |
| Caveolae | invaginations of smooth muscle cell membrane, for transport and storage of calcium |
| Dependent on extracellular Ca for contraction | smooth muscle, even though well developed sER but no terminal cisternae |
| External Lamina | Basement membrane of nonepithelial tissues |
| Transport routes for epithelium | paracellular transport and transcellular transport |
| Paracellular route | movement of materials between cells, amount dependant on how tightly joined cells are |
| Transcellular Route | How most material is moved |
| Syncytium | a mass of cells that fx as one- atrium and ventricle cells |
| Intercalated Discs | attachment site between cardiac muscle cells |
| Intercalated disc cell to cell junctions | Fascia adherens, Macula adherens, gap junctions |
| characteristics of cardiac muscle | Branched -short-uninucleated. Aerobic many mitochondria no satellite cells well developed SR, intercalated discs, free flow of ions, instantanous contractions |
| Satellite Cells (muscle) | Between plasma membrane of muscle fiber and external lamina. Responsible for skeletal muscle regeneration |
| Myogenic muscle | self excitatory muscle that can activate its own action potential - cardiac muscle |
| Fascia Adherens (cardiac) | Hold cardiac muscle cells at their ends to form functional muscle fibers. Site of actin filament anchorage into plasma membrane |
| Macula adherens of cardiac muscles | Desmosomes that bind individual cells together |
| Purkinje Fibers | specialized conducting fibers of cardiac muscles |
| Fibrous Skeleton | Rings of CT and Elastic fibers |
| Germ Derivatives of 4 basic tissue types | Epithelial - ectoderm , some endoderm. Connective- mesoderm. Nervous- ectoderm. Muscle- Mesoderm. |
| Fluroscene Microscopy | Uses molecules that fluroscene under UV light- used to trace nerve fiber pathways, mineralized tissues, GAP junctions |
| Confocal scanning microcopy | Lt microscopy with scanning computer to visually dissect objects |
| Electron Microscopy | Uses electrons to provide morphological and analytical data on cells and tissues |
| Endogenous cytoplasmic granules | lipid droplets, glycogen granules, zymogen granules, mucigen, melanin, lipofuscin, crystals, hemsiderin |
| Glycogen granules | endogenous cytoplasmic inclusion main storage of carbs |
| Zymogen Granules | Endogenous scretory granules rich in inactive enzymes - proteins are precipatated when realeased and activated |
| Mucigen | Endogenous - GAGs, released from pale granules. |
| Melamin | Endogenous cytoplasmic inclusion formed from amino acid tyrosine |
| Lipofuscin | End point of lysosomal digestion. Found in residual bodies. Accumulates with age |
| Crystals | Endogenous - found in testicular cells, leukocytes |
| Hemosiderin | Endogenous products by hene degradation |
| Lipocromes | Exogeneous - Soluble carotinoid pigment found in lipid tissue |
| dark Field Microscopy | Uses defracted or scattered light . Used to exam autoradiographs, urine crystals and spirochetes |
| Phase contrast microscopy | uses refractive index of tissue. Used to examine surface of cells and other objects |
| Tissue Components | H2O, protein, nucleic acids, inorganic salts, hormones and vitamins. lipids, carbohydrates, Glycoprotiens, GAGs. |
| Cell to cell junctions | Occluding, anchoring, communicating |
| Actin proteins | F&G Actin, tropomyosin, troponin |
| Epithelial membranes comprises of | Epithelium and CT |
| Serous Membrane | Line cavities in ventral cavities that do not open to outside. simple squamous mesothelium |
| Mucous membrane | Muscosa - lines tubes that opens to the surface. Absorption, secretion. surface epithelium and avevolar CT |
| Synovial Membrane | Only epithelium - No CT |
| Terminal Web | Regulates tension on apical surface, under microvilli, composed of actin and intermediate filaments, provides support for microvilli or cilia. Core of microvilli inserts into terminal web |
| Tonofilaments | intermediate filaments involved with desmosomes |
| zonal adherens | interacts with actin filaments inside the cell. couples actin filaments to plasma membrane at regions of cell to cell adhesions |
| 3 layers of basal lamina | lamina lucida, lamina densa , lamina fibroreticularis |
| Lamina Lucida | Type IV collagen proteoglycans, laminins, entactins |
| Lamina densa | same as lucida |
| Lamina fibroreticularis | Type III collagen, glycoprotein, fibronectin |
| Tendons | cords attaching bone to muscle |
| Ligaments | Attaches bone to bone |
| myotendous junction | attachment site between tendons and muscles - looping anchoring site, reticular fibers |
| Elastic CT | Consists of elastic fibers, Fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, collagenous fibers, produced by smooth muscle cells, in walls of vessles, arteries, aterioles and veins, allows for expansion of lumen |
| Cartilage | Semi-rigid form of tissue, avascular, GS determines characteristics of cartilage, low metabolic rate, limited mitosis |
| Hyaline cartilage function | cushioning, smooth-low friction surface for joints, structural supoort in resp. system, foundation for fetal skeleton, endochondrol bone formation and growth |
| Myosin proteins | Myosin II |
| alpha- Actinin | protein that bundles thin actin filament into parallel arrays and anchors them to z-line |
| Titin | Protein that forms an elastic lattice that anchors thick filaments to z-lines |
| Accessory proteins of muscle contraction | Titin, a-actinin, Nebulin, tropomodulin, Desmin, myomesin, C protein, Dystrophin |
| Tropomodulin | actin capping protein maintains and regulates the length of the sacromere actin filament |
| Embryonic development of muscle tx | myocytes- myotubules-myofibers |
| myofilaments | What myofibrils are made of. the contractile elements of straited muscle |
| Amitotic type of muscle cells | cardiac and skeletal |
| T-tubules | Deep invaginations of sER |
| Terminal Cisternae | storage of ca ions |
| motor unit | All muscle cells controlled by a single motor neuron |
| Endotendium | strand of fibroblasts that carry blood vessels and nerves into tendon |
| Collagen types for muscle CT layers | Type I collagen continous with all CT muscle sheaths ensures contraction by myofibers is transmitted to tendons |
| Organization of skeletal muscle | myofibrils, muscle fibers, muscle fascicles, skeletal muscle |
| Myoblasts | Uninuclear cells that give rise to myocytes |
| Pericytes | adult mesenchymal cells, also called adventitia or perivascuclar cells |
| myoepithelial cells | smooth muscle cells |
| Types of multicellular contractile units | Skeletal muscle |
| Types of single-celled contractile units | myoepithelial cells, pericytes, myofibroblasts |
| Muscle tissue % of body mass | 40% skeletal, 10% smooth and cardiac |
| Basal Lamina proteins | collagen, laminins, Glycoproteins, Proteoglycans |
| Basal Lamina | Attaches epithelium to CT, sheetlike arrangment of extracellular protein |
| Monocilia | establishes let-right asymetry in internal organs. 9+0 arrangement |
| Stereocilia | No movement |
| Cilia | Arranged in 9+2 pattern of microtubules. cytoplasmic structures that move fluid and particles along a surface. |
| Epitheloid Tissue | epithelium that lacks free surface |
| Loose connective tissue proper | adipose, reticular, aveolar |
| Function of astrocytes | contributes to blood brain barrier , scavanges K+ , excess K+ inhibits muscle contraction, release of glucose from glycogen, formation of scar tissue, secretes neutrotrpoic factor during brain development. |
| rER | Binds ribosomes engaged in translating mRNA for proteins destined for secretion or for membrane insertion, also involved in chemical modification of proteins and membrane lipid synthesis |
| sER | Involved in lipid and steroid metabolism |
| Golgi | Chemical modification of proteins, sorting and packaging of molecules for secretion or transport to other organelles |
| secretory vesicles | transport and storage of secreted proteins to plasma membrane |
| Nucleolus | synthesis of rRNA and partial assembly of ribosomal subunits, involved in regulation of cell cycle |
| Mitochondria | Aerobic energy supply, initiation of apotosis |
| Endosomes | Transport of endocytosed material biogenesis of lysosomes |
| Perioxisomes | Oxidative digestion |
| Glycogen | Short term storage of glucose in the form of branched polymer, found in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue |
| Under basal Lamina | A layer of reticular fibers |
| Structures responsible for attachment of basal lamina to underlying CT | Anchoring fibrils (type VII collagen), Fibrillin, Discrete projections of lamina densa |
| Procollagen | Precursor of collagen fibers |
| 3 layers of the eyeball | Corneoscleral coat, Vascular coat, Retina |
| Corneoscleral coat | outer fiberous layer (sclera and cornea) |
| Visceral coat | Middle layer (choroid and stroma of the ciliary body and iris) |
| Retina | Inner layer (outer pigment of epithelium, inner neural retina and epithelium of ciliary body and iris) |
| Sclera | fibrous CT |
| Retina | Blood vessels and melanin pgiment |
| Tissues of eye derived from | neuroectoderm, surface ectoderm, mesoderm |
| Surface ectoderm | Lens, epithelium of cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland |
| Neural ectoderm | Viterous body, epithelium of retina, iris, ciliary body, sphincter pupilae and dilator pupilae muscles, optic nerve |
| Mesoderm | Sclera, stroma of cornea, ciliary body, iris, choroid, extraocular muscles |
| Cornea layers | Corneal epithelium, Bowman's membrane, Corneal stroma, Descemet's membrane, corneal membrane |
| DNA corneal epithelial cells protected by | nuclear ferritin |
| Bowman's membrane | anterior basement membrane- corneal epithelium rest on |
| Corneal stroma | substantia propria- collagen fibril lamellae |
| GS of corneal stroma | Proteoglycans (lumican) |
| Descemet's membrane | posterior basement membrane- basal lamina of corneal endothelial cells |
| sclera | Dense CT |
| Corneoscleral limbus | epithelial cells |
| Iris | anterior part of vascular coat |
| Pupil | highly vascularized connective tissue |
| pigment myoepithelium | highly pigmented layer of pupil |
| Ciliary muscle layers | meridional portion, radial portion, circular portion |
| Layers of retina | choroid, lamina viterous, retinal pigment epithelium, rods and cones, outer limiting membrane, outer nuclear layer, outer plexiform, inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform, ganaglion cells, nerve fiber layer |
Created by:
Erinlei
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