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AB Final Review 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Questioning | many questions about all organisms |
Benefits of life science | fight disease, environmental problems, inherit code that controls cells |
Hypothesis | possible answer to a question |
Models | study things no longer around, too small, too large, mathematical, physical, conceptual |
Theory | summary of tested hypothesis |
Laws | start off as hypothesis or theories |
Light microscope | view living things |
Control group | used to compare results to |
SI system | milliliter, |
Life scientist | study living things |
Characteristics of all living things | use energy, grow and develop, sense and respond to change |
DNA | nucleic acid |
Water | 70% of human body |
Stimulus | causes change |
Response | caused by stimulus, shivering when cold, sweating when hot |
Needs of living things | food, water, air, a place to live |
Cells | smallest part of a living thing to carry on the processes of life |
Tissues | cells with the same function |
Function | related to structure |
Ribosomes | make proteins, located on ER |
ER | cells delivery system |
Vesicles | carry materials between organelles |
Levels of organization | each is more complex than the one below |
Surface Area to Volume ratio | keeps cells small |
Cell Theory | all organisms are made of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of living things, all cells come from other cells |
Vacuole | plants cells, digestion |
Specialization | makes organisms work more efficiently |
Protists | Animalcules |
Hydrophobic | repels water |
Osmosis | occurs in cells because they are mostly water |
Diffusion | materials move from area of high concentration to low concentration |
Endocytosis | move large particles in |
Exocytosis | move large particle out |
Photosynthesis | water and carbon dioxide form glucose and oxygen |
Active transport | move particles from low concentration to high concentration, needs energy |
Chlorophyll | in chloroplast |
Respiration | glucose and oxygen form water and carbon dioxide |
Eukaryotes | nucleus, more DNA |
Prokaryotes | no nucleus, ring of DNA in cytoplasm |
Mendel | father of genetics, each trait has two sets of instructions, 3:1 ratio |
Cross pollination | a flower pollinates a flower on a different plant, Mendel removed anthers |
Asexual reproduction | body cells |
Sex linked disorders | more often in males, males only have one X |
Homologous Chromosomes | carry same set of genes |
Homozygous | genes are the same |
Heterozygous | genes are different |
Franklin | X ray diffraction, spiral shaped |
DNA | “rungs”= bases, made of nucleotides, twisted ladder |
mRNA | matches with transfer RNA at the ribosome |
Deletion | base is left out |
Protein | string of nucleotides for a trait |
Addition | extra base is added |
Amino Acid | code contains 3 bases |
Chargaff’s Rules | A=T, C=G |
Gene | information to make a protein |
Nucleotide | phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base |