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Biology 11 Ch 4.2
Genetic Processes: 4.2 Sexual Reproduction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| asexual reproduction | reproduction that requires only one parent and produces genetically identical offspring |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction that requires two parents and produces genetically distinct offspring |
| gamete | a male or female reproductive cell |
| zygote | a cell formed by the fusion of two gametes |
| fertilization | in humans, the joining of male and female haploid gametes |
| haploid | a cell that contains half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell |
| diploid | a cell that contains pairs of homologous chromosomes |
| meiosis | the cellular process that produces cells containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell |
| synapsis | the aligning of homologous chromosomes during prophase I in meiosis I |
| spermatogenesis | the process of producing male gametes (sperm) in mammals |
| oogenesis | the process of producing female gametes (eggs) in mammals |
| crossing over | the exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes |
| non-disjunction | the failure of homologous chromosome pairs or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis |
| monosomy | the loss of a chromosome as a result of non-disjunction |
| trisomy | the gain of an extra chromosome as a result of non-disjunction |