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Inheritance

QuestionAnswer
The study of how genetic traits are passed is called ____. Genetics.
The traits that are passed down from parent to offspring are determined by factors known as ___. Genes.
Some genes have different forms called ___. Alleles.
What does the principle of dominance state? Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
Dominant alleles are shown in ___ letters and recessive alleles are shown in ___ letters. Capital; lowercase.
What does it mean to crossbreed? Crossbreeding is when two parents cross their genes to their offspring.
When two parents cross the alleles are said to separate or ___. Segregate.
When two parents crossbreed the offspring can be ____ or ____ for some alleles of a gene. Homozygous; heterozygous.
What does it mean to be homozygous for a gene or trait? When an organism is homozygous for a gene it means that they have two identical alleles for it.
What does it mean to heterozygous for a gene or trait? When an organism is heterozygous for a gene it means that they have two different alleles for it.
Being homozygous for a trait has either two dominant or two recessive alleles, but being heterozygous has a ___ and ___ allele. Dominant; recessive.
The genetic makeup is of an organism is known as the ___. Genotype.
The physical traits that show on an organism from its genes is known as the ___. Phenotype.
If you want to determine the genotype or probability of an offspring or genetic cross you can use a ____. Punnett square.
What does the principle of independent assortment state? If there are different genes for different traits, during segregation they all separate independently for a possibility of new genotypes and phenotypes.
Who is the known father of genetics? Gregor Mendel.
When two alleles are not dominant over one another then they are ___. Codominant.
What is the phenotype of an organism that is heterozygous codominant for a trait? When two codominant alleles are combined in an organism then the phenotype will show both alleles or characteristics.
When two alleles are neither dominant of recessive then they are ___. Incompletely dominant.
What is the phenotype of an organism that is heterozygous incompletely dominant for a trait? When two incomplete dominant alleles combine in an organism then the phenotype will show a blend of both alleles or characteristics.
Whenever a gene has more than two alleles it is said that it has ___. Multiple alleles.
Whenever more than one gene control a trait then the traits are said to be ___. Polygenic.
What other things can determine the traits of an organism? Environmental conditions.
To see the pattern of inheritance of a trait on a family tree you could use a ___. Pedigree.
Some traits are autosomal and some are sex-linked, but sex-linked traits have genotypes like what? Sex-linked traits are shown on the XX or XY chromosomes.
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