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EBP Sampling

Sampling Techniques in EBP Nursing

QuestionAnswer
Particular group of individuals or elements who are focus of research Target Population
Humans, medical records, and specimens are examples of Target Population
Those to who researcher wants to generalize or apply results Target Population
All undergraduate students enrolled in a generic baccalaureate program in the united states is an example of Target Population
A more efficient method of studying a designated population Sampling
The process of selecting representative units of the population for study Sampling
The _____ should have same key characteristics of the designated population Sample
Should be representative Sample
The ability to extend findings from sample under study to the larger population. Generalization
Finding of a study can be applied to a more general popluation Generalization
The extent of this ability is influenced by the quality of the study Generalization
This is usually discussed in the 'methods section' of a report Sample
Inclusion and exclusion criteria must be explained by whom? Researcher
Determines subjects used in study by defining criteria used to Include or Exclude subject from study Inclusion and Exclusion criteria
This is used to control for extraneous variables or bias Inclusion and Exclusion criteria
This is the goal of sampling is to avoid what? Bias
Characteristics that subject or element must possess to be part of the target population. Inclusion or Exclusion? Inclusion
Between the ages of 18 to 45 Inclusion or Exclusion? Inclusion
Admitted for abdominal hysterectomy. Inc or Ex? Inclusion
Diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes within past month. Inc or Ex? Inclusion
Characteristics that cause person or element to be excluded from target population. Inc or Ex? Exclusion
Less than 18 years of age. Inc or Ex? Exclusion
Diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction. Inc or Ex? Exclusion
Unable to read or speak english. Inc or Ex? Exclusion
What sort of sample is meant to be as similar as possible so as to control for extraneous variables? Homogeneous sample
This is used to outline strategies used to obtain a sample for study Sampling plan
Inclusion in a group is NOT random. Prob or Nonprob? Nonprobability
Less generalizable. Prob or Nonprob? Nonprobability
Less respresentative. Prob or Nonprob? Nonprobability
Does NOT assure everyone in population of interest has equal chance of being included. Prob or Nonprob? Nonprobability
Convenience Sampling, Quota Sampling, and Purposive sampling or examples of? Nonprobability sampling
AKA accidental sampling. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Convenience
Used in quantitative and qualitative research. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Convenience
Includes whomever is available and willing to consent. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Convenience
Representativeness is a concern. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Convenience
Often used in health care research. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Convenience
Hard to control for bias. Highest risk of bias. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Convenience
Easy to find and recruit subjects. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Convenience
Uses convenience sampling. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Quota
Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Strategy used to ensure inclusion of subject types who are likely to be underrepresenteted in a convenience sample. Quota
Goal is to replicate proportions of subgroups present in the population. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Quota
Limits or numbers established to make sample more representative of population. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Quota
Works better than convenience sampling to reduce bias. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Quota
Aka judgemental or selective. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Purposive
Intentionally selected because of characteristic(s). Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Purposive
Researcher selects subjects who are considered to be typical of the population. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Purposive
Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Assumes that errors of judgement in over representing or under representing characteristics of population in sample will BALANCE OUT Purposive
Sampling based on researcher's judgment. Convenience, Quota, or Purposve? Purposive
AKA snowballing sampling. Network or Theoretical? Network
Takes advangate of social networks to get the sample. Network or Theoretical? Network
One person in the sample asks another to join the sample, and so on. Network or Theoretical? Network
Uses subject's contacts to identify other potential participants. Network or Theoretical? Network
Network or Theoretical? Experience of smoking cessation among residents of WNC--Find individual from WNC trying to quit smoking and willing to share experience Network
Used in grounded theory research. Network or Theoretical? Theoretical
Network or Theoretical? Constructed from observations of the world as it is lived by selected group responding to a social situation Theoretical
Their reality. Network or Theoretical? Theoretical
Data gathered from any individual or group that can provide relevant data for theory generation. Network or Theoretical? Theoretical
Network or Theoretical? The sample is saturated when data collection is complete based on the researchers' expectations Theoretical
Diversity is encouraged in this sampling. Network or Theoretical? Theoretical
Uses randomization to assign elements. Prob or Nonprob? Probability
More generalizable Prob or Nonprob? Probablity
Prob or Nonprob? More representative Probability
Prob or Nonprob? Simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling are examples of Probability
Prob or Nonprob? Used in quantitative studies. Probability
Prob or Nonprob? Purpose is to predict or show relationships Probability
Prob or Nonprob? Each element of population has an equal and independent chance of being included in sample Probability
Prob or Nonprob? Strongest type of sampling strategy Probability
Randomly choosing sample. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Simple
Uses table of random numbers. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Simple
Each member identified and assigned a number. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Simple
Draw names out of a hat. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Simple
Use computer program. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Simple
Risk for bias is by chance alone. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Simple
Ensures all levels of identified variables adequately represented in sample. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Stratified
Needs a large population with which to start. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Stratified
Population is divided into homogeneous strata or subgroups. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Stratified
Divided into 2 or more groups based on characteristics important to study. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Stratified
Allows more representativeness. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Stratified
Able to make comparisons among subsets. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Stratified
Variables often stratified. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Stratified
IE: Age, Gender, Socioeconomic status, or types of nurses. Simple, stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Stratified
Difficult to obtain population list containing complete information. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Stratified
Time consuming. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Stratified
Large-scale study is Costly. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Stratified
Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Similar to quota sampling except individuals in each strata has equal chance of being selected Stratified
AKA multistage sampling. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Cluster
Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? All areas with elements of identified population are linked. Then a randomized sample of these areas is chosen. Cluster
Used to get a Geographically diverse sample. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Cluster
Also used when lack knowledge of variables. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Cluster
Most economical in terms of time and money. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Cluster
Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? IE: List a group of nursing students. Random sample of 5 programs. List all students in 5 programs. Then randomly select 100 students form list Cluster
Selecting every kth individual on list, starting randomly. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Systematic
Subjects are selected at fixed intervals from table. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Systematic
Researcher must know number of elements in population and the sample size desired. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Systematic
Type of design and sampling procedure must be considered in the Sample Size
Formula may be used for estimating optimum what? Sample Size
How often the phenomenon of interest occurs in the population (common v. rare) must be considered in the Sample Size
Projected cost is often established when considering the Sample Size
General rule of thumb with sampling size Use the largest sample possible
The larger the sample size... The greater the chance of getting results that are statistically significant
Power analysis can be used to calculate what? Sample size
Internal validity is a concept related to what? Sampling validity
Bias due to subject self-selection or researcher bias in selecting is the definition of what? Selection effect (Internal)
Loss of subjects from a study is an example of which sampling threat? Attrition and Mortality (Internal)
If subjects in study are different from those who drop out is an example of which sampling threat? Attrition and Mortality (Internal)
Withdrawal or loss of subjects from a study Sample Attrition (Internal)
Number of subjects who remain and complete study Sample Retention (Internal)
Selection effect and attrition and mortality are included. External or Internal Validity? Internal
Generalizability to other populations or settings External or Internal? External
Findings of study can be applied to more general population External or Internal? External
Only quantitative research has goal of generalization External or Internal? External
Created by: Blitzkid22
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