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Unit 17
CPR/First Aid
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| First aid is not | full and complete treatment. |
| Always check the scene and make sure it is | safe to approach an accident victim. |
| Never move an injured victim unless | the victim is in a dangerous area. |
| Never make a diagnosis or discuss the victim’s condition | with observers at the scene. |
| Before starting chest compressions. | feel for a pulse for at least 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds |
| give five back blows followed by five chest thrusts if | an infant has an obstructed airway, |
| The pressure point to stop bleeding in the arm is | the brachial artery. |
| A poison can be | Any substance that causes a harmful reaction when applied or ingested. |
| If chemicals splash on the skin and cause burns, | use large amounts of water to wash the skin and dilute the chemicals. |
| Treat a dislocation the same way | as a fracture |
| A sprain is an injury to the | tissues surrounding a joint. |
| Cold applications are used initially to | decrease swelling for both sprains and strains. |
| An airtight dressing such as aluminum foil, plastic wrap, or nonporous material should be | placed over a sucking chest wound. |
| If abdominal organs are protruding from a wound what should you do? | use a large sterile dressing moistened with sterile water or normal saline to cover the area. |
| Signs and symptoms of a heart attack vary depending on | the amount of heart damage. the amount of heart damage. |
| A cerebrovascular accident can be caused by | the presence of a clot in a cerebral artery or hemorrhage from a blood vessel in the brain. the presence of a clot in a cerebral artery or hemorrhage from a blood vessel in the brain. |
| Even though a victim is unconscious, | he or she may be able to hear and understand what is going on. |
| Fainting can be a sign of | a serious illness or condition that requires medical attention. |
| If a diabetic is unconscious and you are not able to determine whether the condition is diabetic coma or insulin shock, what should you do? | put granulated sugar under the victim’s tongue. |
| What should you do for a victim of cardiac arrest caused by a drug overdose. | start CPR and shout for help |
| Emotional distress such as anger, fear, or grief can cause | Shock |
| The rule of nines is used to calculate | the percentage of body surface burned. |
| Immediate medical care during the first three hours after a cerebrovascular accident can | help prevent brain damage. |
| The first step of first aid is to ____. | recognize that an emergency exists |
| What is the ratio of chest compressions to ventilations when one person is performing CPR on an adult victim? | 30:2 |
| If you are caring for a critical adult accident victim and determine that the victim is unconscious, ____. | call EMS immediately |
| How far should a child’s chest be compressed during cardiac compressions? | at least 1/3 the depth of the chest |
| A wound caused by a sharp object such as a knife, scissors, or a razor is a/an ____. | incision |
| Tetanus is most likely to occur with a/an ____. | puncture |
| Rapid, shallow respirations, rapid weak pulse, and diaphoresis are signs of | signs and symptoms of shock |
| If a poison has been swallowed, the first step of care is to ____. | call a poison control center |
| If a victim has contact with a poisonous plant, ____. | wash the area with soap and water |
| The type of burn characterized by a red or mottled color, a wet appearance, and a blister or vesicle is a ____. | partial-thickness burn (or second-degree burn) |
| To treat clear or blood-tinged fluid draining from the ear after a skull or brain injury, ____. | allow the fluid to flow from the ear |
| Do not put a blunt object between the victim’s teeth to keep the victim from biting his or her tongue is treatment for | convulsion |
| Sweet or fruity odor to the breath | symptom of diabetic coma |
| The most common bandage wrap for a sprained ankle or wrist is the ____. | figure-eight wrap |
| Call first for EMS before starting CPR for ____. | an unconscious adult |
| The type of shock that occurs when poisons or toxins in the blood cause vasodilation and the blood pressure drops is ____. | septic |
| What is the ratio of chest compressions to ventilations when two people are performing CPR on an adult victim? | 30:2 |
| The type of shock that occurs when vomiting or diarrhea causes dehydration and a disruption in the normal acid-base balance of the body is ____. | metabolic |
| Condition that can occur with any illness or injury | Shock |
| Medical emergency caused by prolonged exposure to heat | Heat stroke |
| Tearing of tissues to create a wound with jagged, irregular edges | Laceration |
| Excessive loss of blood | Hemorrhage |
| Overstretching of a muscle | Strain |
| Excessive or profuse perspiration | Diaphoresis |
| Sterile covering placed over a wound | Dressing |
| A scraping type of wound prone to infection | Abrasion |
| Freezing of tissue fluids accompanied by damage to the skin | Frostbite |
| Low body temperature due to prolonged exposure to cold | Hypothermia |
| Muscle spasm caused by exposure to heat | Heat cramp |
| Wound created by a sharp object such as a pin or nail | Puncture |
| Body part is cut off and separated from the body | Amputation |
| Violent involuntary contraction of muscles | Convulsion |
| Material used to secure splints or support body parts | Bandage |
| Difficult or labored respirations | Dyspnea |
| Torn tissue hanging from the ear, nose, hand, or other body part | Avulsion |
| Injury to the tissues surrounding a joint | Sprain |
| situation, actions taken, exact location, telephone number you are calling from, assistance required, number of people involved, condition of the victim | types of information you should provide to emergency medical services when you call. |
| information from the victim, information from other persons present, examination of items at the scene, emergency medical identification bracelet or necklace, medical cards, Vial-of-Life, empty medicine containers, bottles of chemicals or solutions | sources of information you can use to learn about the accident, injury, or illness. |
| occurs when the heart stops beating and victim stops breathing | clinical death |
| What do the letters of the CABD sequence of CPR stand for | circulation, airway, breathing, and defibrillation |
| victim starts to breathe; help arrives ; a legally qualified person orders you to discontinue ; rescuer is exhausted; scene becomes unsafe; you are given a legally valid do not resuscitate (DNR) order | reasons for stopping CPR once it has been started. |
| direct pressure, elevation, pressure bandage, pressure points | steps to control severe bleeding in the correct order of their use. |
| skin color; skin temperature; swelling or edema; amount of pain; tingling or numbness; poor return after blanching nails; pulse can be felt below splint or bandage | points that should be checked frequently to make sure circulation is not impaired after a splint or bandage has been applied. |
| method of prioritizing treatment | What is triage? |
| occurs four to six minutes after clinical death and refers to the death of body cells. | biological death |
| Treatment for convulsions | remove dangerous objects from area, avoid using force to restrain or stop muscle movements, and put a pillow or cushion under the victim's head |
| Call first for EMS before starting CPR for | an unconscious adult or child who has reached puberty |
| The goal of CPR is to | begin compressions within 10 seconds of recognizing cardiac arrest. |
| The adult defibrillator dose and adult electrodes should be used for any child | older than 8 years |
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Health Science
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