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Molec. Genetics

Molecular Genetic cards

QuestionAnswer
is a nucleic acid that contains the information that is needed to help an organism develop and function DNA
Segments of DNA which are located in the chromosomes and carry information for certain traits are called genes
When a gene is expressed, a _______ is synthesized and produces a trait protein
DNA is composed of two polymers, which can be found in a helix structure
The backbone of the DNA polymers is made of _______ groups, which are bonded together sugars and phosphate
The two polymers are linked by ________, which attach to the sugars nitrogen bases
The four nitrogen bases are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T)
Three bases (in a row) make up a codon
On an mRNA molecule, codons are read during translation and symbolize specific amino acids
When all of the codons have been read, the amino acids group together to form proteins
begins with one double-stranded molecule of DNA The process of DNA replication
Enzymes bind to a DNA sequence and unzip the molecule initiation
As the molecule unzips, RNA nucleotides pair to complementary DNA nucleotides on one of the DNA strands. Elongation
Once base pairing is complete, the new RNA molecule (mRNA) breaks away from the DNA strands and the DNA strands re-attach Termination
The process of transcription occurs in the nucleus of a cell, but the mRNA that is created travels into the ________ once it is made cytoplasm
A codon on the mRNA molecule attaches to a ribosome
____ molecules, which each carry a specific amino acid, approach the ribosome tRNA
The tRNA molecule that corresponds to the codon attaches to the mRNA codon
The ribosome slides to the next codon on the mRNA molecule and repeats the process
As amino acids are added next to each other, ______ link the amino acids together peptide bonds
The chain of amino acids continues to grow until the ribosome reaches a ____ codon on the mRNA strand Stop
The first codon that is read on the mRNA molecule is usually a start codon
One of the four bases that combines with sugar and phosphate to form a nucleotide subunit of RNA Uracil
A natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in gene expression Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Created by: amandahase
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