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Organic Molecules
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organic molecules | molecules that contain carbon, are complex, and are produced by organisms; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid |
| tetravalent | a molecule that can make 4 bonds |
| monosaccharides | simple sugars; glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose |
| Glucose/Fructose/Galactose/Ribose/Deoxyribose | monosaccharides that contains Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
| nucleic acid | complex substance, such as RNA and DNA, present in living cells |
| cellular respiration | process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
| disaccharides | carbs made up of 2 monosaccharides |
| polysaccharides | carbs made up of more than 2 monosaccharides |
| polymer | large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
| phosphate group | a functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms |
| starch | polysaccharide that is the main food energy source for human beings |
| cellulose | polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls |
| glycogen | polysaccharide which is the stored glucose energy in liver and muscles |
| lipids | fats, oils, and waxes, nonpolar molecules that are not soluble or mostly insoluble in water |
| fatty acid | an organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils, can be saturated or unsaturated |
| saturated | describing a fatty acid that has only single bonds between carbon atoms |
| unsaturated | used of a compound (especially of carbon) containing atoms sharing more than one valence bond, liquid |
| phospholipids | a lipid that contains phosphorus and two fatty acids that is a structural component in cell membranes, creates barrier from water because phosphorous is hydrophilic, while fatty acids are hydrophobic |
| carbs | organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of H:O-2:1 |
| enzyme | protein substances that speed up chemical reactions |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
| protein | nutrients that help build and maintain body tissues, made up of Amino Acids, make up our appearence AND how we function |
| peptide bond | covalent bond formed between amino acids, carbon and nitrogen |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| insulin | smallest Amino Acids |
Created by:
gholmes
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