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Bio 3.2
lessons learned, bridges burned
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| carbohydrates | organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ration of about 1 carbon to 2 hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom |
| monosaccharide | monomer-a simple sugar containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1 |
| disaccharide | two monosaccharides that can combine in a condensatino reaction to form double sugar |
| poly saccharide | a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides |
| proteins | organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (HONC) formed by the linkage of monomers |
| amino acids | form the linkage of monomers in proteins |
| peptide bond | when 2 amino acids form a covalent bond |
| polypeptides | when amino acids form long chains. make up proteins |
| enzymes | RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts-essential for the functioning of any cell |
| substrate | the reactant being catalyzed |
| active site | folds with a shape that allows the substrate to fit into the active site, enzymes act only on a specific substrate because only that substrate fits into its active site |
| lipids | nonpolar organic molecules that do not dissolve in water. ex waxes, steroids, pigments |
| fatty acids | unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids |
| phospholipids | have two instead of three fatty acids attached to the third carbon of the glycerol |
| wax | a type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain. waterproof, and in plants, form a protective coating onthe outer surfaces |
| steroid | molecules that are composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them |
| nucleic acids | very large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer important information in the cell |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | contains information that determines the characteristics of an organism and directs its cell activities |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | stores and transfers information from DNA that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins can also act as enzymes |
| nucleotide | made of three main components, a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and a ring-shaped nitrogenous base |
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asb102296
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