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Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy Drugs and Common Reactions
Question | Answer |
---|---|
These antineoplastic drugs interfere with DNA and prevent nucleic acid from completing cell division | Alkylating agents (Cytoxan) |
This is the most widely used class of antineoplastics | Alkylating agents (Cytoxan) |
This is an adverse rxn specific to Alkylating agents such as Cytoxan | Hemmorhagic cystitis |
This is given to inactivate urotoxic metabolites in the bladder | MESNA |
These antineoplastic drugs cause cell death or slowed growth | Antimetabolites (methotrexate) |
This antimetabolite blocks the synthesis of folic acid | Methotrexate |
These two drugs are used for diagnoses other than Cancer | Cytoxan and Methotrexate |
Pts taking this antineoplastic drug should increase fluid intake and hydrate well to prevent renal side effects such as HC | Cytoxan |
Pneumotitis and fibrosis are common adverse rxns to this antineoplastic drug | Methotrexate |
This side effect of methotrexate includes renal cellular death | Acute Tubular Necrosis |
ATN in use with methotrexat should be treated with | IVF containing sodium bicarb to alkalinize urine |
BM toxicity, oral and GI ulceration, and bowel perforation are common adverse rxns with this dose limiting drug | methotrexate |
Substances from bacteria that can kill cancer cells | Antitumor Antibiotics |
This IV drug often appears red | doxorubicin (Adriamycin) |
This form of administration involves small lipid sacs that open and release when they reach the cancer cells | Liposomal administration |
Liposomal administration is specifically used for which antineoplastic drug? | doxorubicin (Adriamycin) |
Cardiotoxicity and Angioedema are side effects specific to this antineoplastic drug | doxorubicin (Adriamycin) |
This category of antineoplastic drugs affect cell division | Natural products |
This drug is specific to the M-phase and administered IV | Vincristine (Oncovin) |
Nervous system toxicity is specific to this dose limiting drug | Vincristine (Oncovin) |
Numbness, tingliign, muscular weakness, and loss of reflexes are associatedd with side effects of this system | Nervous system (Neuropathy) |
Severe constipation is specific to this antineoplastic drug | Vincristine (Oncovin) |
Allergic rxns are HUGE with this antineoplastic drug | Vincristine (Oncovin) |
An added benefit on this antineoplastic category is that they are BM sparing | Natural products |
These slow the growth of hormon-dependent TUMORS by blocking substances essential for growth | Hormone/Hormone antagonists |
Gynecomastia and Hirsutism are adverse rxns of which type of hormone therapy | Sex hormone therapy |
These block estrogen receptors on breast cancer cells, but have estrogen effects on non-breast cells as well. | SERMs Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) |
Added benefits of this drug include improved bone density and improved lipid profiles | Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) SERM |
Drug of choice for metastatic breast cancer | Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) SERM |
Given prophylactically to decrease breast cancer risk | Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) SERM |
This should be given with food or milk to decrease GI stress | Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) SERM |
Potentially fatal effects of this drug include DVTs and endometrial cancer | Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) SERM |
These stimulate the body's immune system to fight against tumor cells | BRMs |
These attack only one specific type of tumor cell. These cells MUST posses theh specific protein receptor | Monoclonal antibodies |
This monoclonal antibody is used against breast cancer | Herceptin |
These are used in transplant pts to reduce immune response | Monoclonal antibodies |
These are used in autoimmune diseases (RA, lupus) and asthma to suppress the immune system | Monoclonal antibodies |
Used in lymphoma, HER2 receptor positive cancers (Breast), HER1, and Leukemia | Monoclona antibodies |
Increases killing potential of chemo | Monoclonal antibodies |
Inhibit angiogenesis | Monoclonal antibodies |
Because cells can repair in this stage, drugs are not as effective | G0 phase |
An example of a high growth fraction cancer | lymphoma |
Example of a low growth fraction cancer | Solid tumors as in breasts or lung cancer |
Course of chemotherapy includes (think frequency in wks) | Every 3 weeks with 6-12 treatments at a time |
This antineoplastic drug is HIGHLY does specific | Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) |
What color are chemo bags? | Yellow |
PPE employed in preparation and administration of Chemo | Special gloves, gown, and mask |
How long should excretia precautions be employed | 48 hours |
Excretia precautions include... | Wear gloves for all body fluids, double flush toilet, No body fluids in trash!!! |
Onset of emetogenic effects with chemo drugs | 1-2 days (Premedicate) |
What is the low point of BM suppression referred to? | Nadir |
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia are all effects of | Bone marrow suppresion |
This effect of chemo can result in high risk for infections | Neutropenia |
Absolute Neutrophil Count <500 | Neutropenia |
This drug stimulates neutrophil production by BM | Filgrastim (Neupogen) |
This drug should not be given within 24 hrs of chemo | Filgrastim (Neupogen) |
Bone pain is a common side effect of this drug and contraindicated in peopel with bone cancer. | Filgrastim (Neupogen) |
Chlorohexadine gluconate (Peridex) are used to treat which side effect of chemo | Mucositis |
Half/half saline peroxide mixture | Mucositis |
This effect of chemo is alleviated by the swish and spit regimen | Mucositis |
Viscous Lidocain is used with which side effect of chemo | Musocitis |
This drug is used to "rescue normal cells" | Folinic Acid |