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Diabetic Drugs
Insulin and Oral Drugs used in the Tx of DM 1 & II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Onset: 10-15 min Peak: 30-60 min Dur: 5 hrs or less | Rapid Acting Insulin (Humalog)(Aspart)(Apidra) |
| Onset: 30-60 min Peak: 2-4 hrs Dur: 5-7 hrs | Short Acting Insulin regular (Humulin R, Novolin R) |
| Onset: 1-4 hrs Peak: 8-12 hrs Dur: 18-24 | NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N) Intermediate Acting |
| Onset: 6-8 hrs Peak: 12-24 hrs Dur: ??? | Detemir (Levemir) Intermediate Acting |
| Onset: 1-1.5 hrs Peak: NONE Dur: 24 hrs | Lantus Long Acting |
| "Give the Shot while the tray is hot." | Rapid Acting (Humalog, Novolog, Apidra) |
| Used in Insulin Drips | Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R) |
| Associated with U-500 | Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R) |
| Give 30 min before meal once or twice a day | NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N) |
| This is usually mixed with regular insulin | NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N) |
| "Cloudy" | NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N) |
| This cannot be mixed | Detemir (Levemir) |
| This drug does not have a peak | Lantus |
| This drug is usually given at bedtime | Lantus |
| Least risk of Hypoglycemia (Insulin) | Lantus |
| No mixing No IVs | Lantus |
| Hypoglycemia is of greatest risk at these times... | Peak drug times During exercise Too much Insulin Skipped meals |
| Build up off fat cause by lack of rotating injection sites | Lipodystrophy |
| This drug decreases hepatoglycogenesis AND decreases Insulin resistance | metformin (Glucophage) |
| An added benefit on this drug is weight loss | metformin (Glucophage) |
| Only oral antidiabetic that can be used in pregnancy | metformin (Glucophage) |
| Drug of choice for type II diabetics | metformin (Glucophage) |
| IV contrast dye in contraindicated with this drug | metformin (Glucophage) |
| This should be D/C during hospital stay or 48 hrs before and after dx procedures | metformin (Glucophage) |
| IV Contrast Dye + Metformin = | Lactic Acidosis |
| An adverse effect of IV contrast dye related to renal impairment | Lactic Acidosis |
| This drug produces an antabuse effect when mixed with alcohol | glipizide (Glucotrol) |
| Due to the effects on the pancreas, hypoglycemia is a concern for which drugs? | Glucotrol (Sulfa) and Prandin (glinide) |
| Weight gain is an adverse effect in these three oral antidiabetics | Glucotrol (Sulfa), Prandin (glinide), and Avandia (glitazone) |
| This drug is similar to insulin in that it's action is short and fast (meal coverage) | Prandin Glinide |
| This oral antidiabetic should be administered with meals OR Prandially | Prandin Glinide |
| These drugs stimulate release of insulin by acting on the pancreas | Glucotrol and Prandin |
| This drug decreases insulin resistance | Avandia "glitazone" |
| Fluid retention and Edema are adverse rxns to which drug? | Avandia "glitazone" |
| Increase plasma lipid levels are cause by which drug? | Avandia "glitazone" |
| Liver problems are associated with which two oral antidiabetic drugs? | Avandia (glitazone) and Precose (Alpha) |
| This drug is contraindicated in pts with cardiovascular disease | Avandia (glitazone) |
| This drug works in the GI tract by blocking absorption of carbs. Thereby preventing serum glucose spikes | Precose (Alpha) |
| GI effects such as Ab cramping, diarrhea, flatulence, and borborygmus are caused by which drug? | Precose (Alpha) |
| This drug should be taken with the first bite of a meal | Precose (Alpha) |
| Liver toxicity is HUGE with this oral antidiabetic | Precose (Alpha) |
| Amylin synthetic | Symlin |
| This drug delays gastric emptying which suppresses glucagon secretion | Symlin |
| This drug is given SubQ to Type I & II diabetics | Symlin |
| This SubQ antidiabetic should be given with meals | Symlin |
| This drug should be monitored extra carefully for hypoglycemic rxns when taken with insulin | Symlin **Especially important with Type I** |
| Other meds should be taken an hour before these two drugs | Symlin and Byetta |
| Injection site rxns and Nausea are common side effects with these two SubQ antidiabetics | Symlin and Byetta |
| Hormones secreted by intestine after a meal. | Incretins |
| Signal pancreas to increase insulin secretion | Incretins |
| Mimic Incretin hormones | Byetta |
| This drug has a high risk of pancreatitis | Byetta |
| This drug can cause hypoglycemia when mixed with Sulfonylureas (glucotrol) | Byetta |
| This drug is often confused with insulin | Byetta |
| This subQ antidiabetic drug should be administered 30-60 minutes preprandial. | Byetta |
| This drug reduces the breakdown of incretins thereby increasing incretin levels | Januvia |
| Adverse rxns of this drug resemble theh common cold | Januvia |
| This incretin mimetic may be combined with Sulfonylureas (Glucotrol) | Januvia |
| This incretin drug requires only once a day dosing | Januvia |
Created by:
Blitzkid22
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