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Morgan unit 6 vocab
Test is November 17th
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell cycle | The life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes, it consists of a cell-growth period in which DNA is synthesized and a cell-division period in which mitosis takes place |
| interphase | Part of the cell cycle which consists of the period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies DNA, and synthesizes protein |
| mitosis | in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| centomere | the region of the chromosomes that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis |
| cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm of a cell; cytokinesis follows the division of the cell's nucleus by mitosis or meiosis |
| centrioles | cell structure found in animal cells that help initiate the development of the spindle for mitiosis |
| spindle | a network of microtubules which appears during mitosis; it helps guide the chromotids to the ends of the cell |
| chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein |
| haploid | describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes |
| diploid | a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes |
| gamete | a haploid reproductive sex cell |
| gene | a segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific hereditary trait |
| cancer | a tumor in which the cells begin dividing at an uncontrolled rate and become invasive |
| meiosis | a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the origional number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction in which gametes from two parents unite |
| homologous chromosome | chromosomes that have the same sequences of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis |
| crossing over | the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; can result in genetic recombination |