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Organic Molecules

QuestionAnswer
element Is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
compound When two or more elements combine chemically.
carbohydrate Is an energy-rich organic compound made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
lipid Are energy-rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Though they contain more energy than carbohydrates
protein Are large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and in some cases sulfur.
amino acid Proteins that are made up of smaller molecules.
enzyme Is a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing.
nucleic acid Are very long organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
DNA Is the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.
RNA Plays an important role in the production of proteins.
Monosaccharides simple sugars; glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose
Isomers compounds with the same formula but different structure
Maltose glucose + glucose
Sucrose glucose + fructose
Lactose glucose + galactose
Cellular Respiration process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
Disaccharides Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides
Polysaccharides Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
Polymers large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
Starch polysaccharide that is the main food energy source for human beings
Cellulose polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls
Glycogen polysaccharide which is the stored glucose energy in liver and muscles
Fatty Acid an organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils, can be saturated or unsaturated
Enzymes protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
Created by: collinbouwman
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