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Molecular Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA | Contains info that helps an organism develop and function |
| What is DNA made up of? | Nucleotides; consist of a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base (attached to the sugar), and a phosphate group |
| Genes | Segments of DNA which are located in the chromosomes and carry info for certain traits |
| What are the two polymers in DNA nicknamed? | Double Helix |
| What are the four nitrogen bases? | Adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) |
| Codon | Three bases (in a row) |
| What 3 things happen in DNA replication? | 1.) Two original strands of DNA separate 2.) DNA polymerases add complementary nucleotides to each strand 3.) Two DNA molecules form, which are identical to the original DNA molecule |
| Where does Transcription occur? | Occurs in the nucleus of a cell, the mRNA travels into the cytoplasm once made |
| Gene expression | Instructions for building a protein are found in a gene and are "rewritten" to a molecule of RNA during transcription. |
| Transcription | the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template |
| Translation | Portion of protein synthesis that uses the codon to specify a the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains |
| What can a mutation be caused by? | Radiation, exposure to toxic chemicals, and through natural means during replication |
| Mutation | A change in a gene |
| Can a mutation be helpful? | Yes |
| Ribonucleic Acid | A natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in gene expression |
| Uracil | One of the four bases that combines with sugar and phosphate to form a nucleotide subunit of RNA |
| What is the "back bone" of DNA made of? | sugars and phosphate groups |
| What is the "back bone" linked by? | Linked by nitrogen bases (attached to the sugars) |
| What happens when codons are read? | Amino Acids for proteins |
| What happens when a gene is expressed? | A protein is synthesized and produces a trait |
| What three things happen during Transcription? | 1.) Initiation 2.) Elongation 3.) Termination |
| In what order does gene expression occur? | DNA -> Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> Protein |
| What is the first step in Translation? | A codon on the mRNA molecule attaches to a ribosome |
| What is termination in transcription? | It's where the new RNA molecule (mRNA) breaks away from the DNA strands and the DNA strands re-attach |
Created by:
brittanykremer
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