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BiologyQuarterlyExam
cards for the DIVE science biology curriculum 1st quarter exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Colossians 2:8 | See to it that no one takes you captive through hollow and deceptive philosophy, which depends on human tradition and the elemental spiritual forces[a] of this world rather than on Christ. |
| Define "Science." | A systematic study through careful observation collection of data, and experimental investigation; observations of the physical universe. |
| Romans 1:20 | For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse. |
| What is neutral pH? | A pH of 7 is nuetral. |
| Acid produced by your stomach? | Hydrochloric acid. |
| Common elements found in fertilizer? | Magnesium, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium |
| Molecule? | Two or more different or similar elements |
| Compound? | Two or more different elements |
| Matter? | Anything that takes up space and has mass. |
| The difference between deductive and inductive reasoning? | Deductive reasoning starts with general statements and leads to specifics, it is about applying rules. Inductive reasoning starts with facts and works toward general conclusions, it is the process of finding rules. |
| What is "defined truth"? | 2 + 2 = 4 |
| The four most abundant elements found in living organisms? | Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. |
| The difference between ionic and covalent bonds? | Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Covalent bonds is a sharing of electrons between two elements that are non-metals. |
| What are chemicals that can resist changes in pH? | Buffers are chemicals that can resist changes in pH. |
| Chemical vs. Physical change | Physical: results in change of state and/or apperence but not the formation of a new compound and or element. Chemical: Takes place in definite proportions and results in the formation of new compounds and or elements. |
| Energy? | The ability or capacity to do work. |
| Activation energy? | The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction. |
| Chemical energy? | The energy release during a chemical reaction. |
| Potential energy? | The energy stored in the body due to position. |
| What does the kinetic theory say about particals? | Particals are always in motion. |
| The 1st law of thermodynamics? | 1) energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed. |
| Temperature? | The degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object. |
| Exothermic + endothermic chemical reactions? | Exothermic: a reaction that releases energy in the form of heat. Endothermic: a reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat. |
| Organic chemistry? | The branch of chemistry that deals with compounds containing carbon. |
| Hydrolysis? | A chemical reaction in which water helps break down other molecules. |
| Osmosis? | Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane, from an area of low solute concentration to an are of higher solute concentration. |
| Enzymes? | A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. |
| Importance of osmosis and enzymes in cellular process? | Without enzymes we would not be able to digest our food quick enough and we would starve to death. Osmosis helps cells to balance their liquid concentrations with their surroundings. |
| Amino acids? | The building blocks of proteins. |
| Protoplasm? | A colorless material comprising the living part of a cell, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and other organelles. |
| Cellulose? | A polysaccharide that is the main part of plant cell walls. |
| Phagocytosis? | The process by which a cell "eats", or takes in nutrients. |
| Ribosomes? | A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells |
| Endoplasmic reticulum? | An organelle made up of an interconnected network of tubules and sac-like structures. |
| Anabolism? | energy is used to create products. |
| Mitochondria? | Organelles that serve as the site for cellular respiration, breaking down glucose and forming most of a cell's ATP. |
| Golgi bodies? | organelles found in eukaryotic cells that process and store large molecules including proteins and lipids. |
| Polysaccharides? | A carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together. |
| Heterotrophs? | An organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances |
| tRNA? | Transfer RNA (RNA: Ribonucleic acid) |
| Anticodons? | A sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule |
| Photosynthetic organisms use the sun's energy to synthesize _______? | food/energy |
| Which is more efficient-aerobic or anaerobic cellular respiration? | aerobic cellular respiration. |
| Does glycolysis require oxygen? | Yes |
| The step in aerobic cellular respiration that produces sweat is the hydrogen & _______ transport system. | Electron Transport stage |
| The phase of photosynthesis that produces ATP? | The light phase produces ATP. |
| The steps of photosynthesis? | Photosynthesis begins in the leaves,the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts inside leaf cells absorbs sunlight. 2)Light phase: sun's energy is used to make ATP 3)Dark Phase: ATP is used to make glucose. |
| Haploid number of chromosomes in a human? | 23 |
| Diploid number of chromosomes in a human? | 46 |
| The steps of protein synthesis? | 1)DNA transcription 2)RNA transcription |
| What are the phases of cell division? What happens in each? | Interphase: cell prepares for division. Prophase: cell nucleous begins to disappear Metaphase: centrosomes line up chromosomes. nucleus is gone. Anaphase: chromosoms break apart. Telophase: cell splits apart, nucleous is reformed. Cytokinesis: comple |
| How is anaphase during the first division of meiosis different from anaphase during mitosis? | its not |
| What does meiosis produce? | 4 genetically different gametes. |
| What contains the haploid number of chromosomes for an organism? | gametes |
| What contains the diploid number of chromosomes for an organism? | somatic cell |
| Heterogametes? | Male and female gametes that are morphologically distinguishable. |
| Isogametes? | either of a pair of conjugating gametes of the same size and structure. |
| Oogenesis? | The production or development of an ovum |
| Gametes? | A mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. |
| Sister chromatids? | Sister chromatids are 2 identical copies of a chromatin connected by a centromere. |
| The 2nd law of thermodynamics? | 2)The amount of energy in a closed system remains constant, while the entropy increases as some energy is converted into unusable form. |
| The 3rd law of thermodynamics? | 3)The entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero as temperature approaches absolute zero |
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koEmi29
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