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Investigating Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| explain diffusion in a unicellular organism? | oxygen is constantly being used by the cell during respiration, this means the oxygen molecules inside the cell are lower than those outside the cell causing a diffusion into the cell. |
| explain diffusion in a multicellular organism? | blood returning to the lungs from living cells contain a high concentration of carbon dioxide and a lower concentration of oxygen than air in the air sacs. Carbon dioxide therefore diffuses out of the cell and oxygen diffuses in. |
| explain the importance of diffusion to organisms -give examples? | its important to plants because they need to diffuse in the carbon dioxide to diffuse out oxygen that we need to survive , as we diffuse in the oxygen they give out and they diffuse in the carbon dioxide we give out to survive. |
| what is a concentration gradient? | the difference in concentration between two regions resulting in diffusion. |
| which part of the cell controls cell division? | nucleus |
| what happens in stage 1(prophase) of mitosis? | the chromosomes become visible in the nucleus and are long and uncoiled. |
| what happens in stage 2(metaphase) of mitosis? | they replicate, become coiled up and move to the centre of the cell. |
| what happens in stage 3(anaphase) of mitosis? | the sprindle fibres shorten and pull apart the identical chromatids to reach opposite sides of the cell. |
| what happens in stage 4(telophase) of mitosis? | the cytoplasm begins to pinch around the new nuclei. The nuclear membrane reforms. |
| what are the zones behind the meristems called? | permanent, differentiation, elongation and cell division. |
| name two degrading enzyme and its substrate? | catalase which breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. pepsin breaks down protein in the stomach |
| name one synthesising enzyme and its substrate? | glucose-1-phosphate can be built up into starch |
| what is aerobic respiration? where does this occur? | the chemical process by which energy is released from food using oxygen. in the cytoplasm of every living cell. |
| what is the equation for aerobic respiration? | oxygen+food -> energy+ carbon dioxide+water. |
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