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AP Bio Ch 47
Reece & Campbell ch 47 animal development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| occurs when the head of the sperm contacts the egg | acrosomal reaction |
| specialized vesicle at the tip of the sperm discharges hydrolytic enzymes | acrosome |
| these open in the egg's plasma membrane, causing depolarization of the membrane | ion channels |
| the depolarization of the egg's membrane prevents other sperm from binding; this is the __________ | fast block to polyspermy |
| combines haploid sets of chromosomes from two individuals into a single diploid cell | fertilization |
| fertilization combines _____________ sets of chromosomes from two individuals into a single ________ cell | haploid, diploid |
| occurs when molecules are secreted into the space between the egg's plasma membrane and the vitelline layer | cortical reaction |
| the cortical reaction forms a ________ and acts as ____________ | fertilization envelope, slow block to polyspermy |
| ________________ is a period of rapid mitotic cell growth | cleavage |
| cleavage partitions the cell into smaller cells called _______________ | blastomeres |
| continued cleavage leads to a ball of cells called a ____________ | morula |
| in the final phase of cleavage, a fluid filled central cavity called a _________ forms within the morula to produce a ____________ | blastocoel, blastula |
| ___________ is a drastic rearrangement of cells in the blastula to form a three-layered embryo | gastrulation |
| the three-layered embryo formed by gastrulation has a primitive gut called a ____________ | archenteron |
| in gastrulation the three germ layers are are formed are called _____, _____ & _________ | ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm |
| two derivatives of the endoderm are _______ | liver; pancreas; epithelial linings of digestive, respiratory, excretory tracts |
| two derivatives of the mesoderm are _______ | skeletal & muscular systems; excretory & circulatory systems; reproductive system; blood, bone and muscle |
| two derivatives of the ectoderm are _______ | skin, nails & teeth; lens of the eye; nervous system |
| the development of three germ layers into rudimentary organs | organogenesis |
| organogenesis in chordates: includes the development of a stiff skeletal rod called a ___________ | notochord |
| organogenesis in chordates: forms from the ectoderm above the notochord, curves inward rolling into a tube that becomes the brain and spinal cord | neural plate |
| organogenesis in chordates: the process in which the hollow dorsal nerve cord forms | neuralation |
| organogenesis in chordates: includes the development _______ which are blocks of cells serially arranged along the notochord, These are a sign of _____________ | somites, segmentation |
| birds and reptiles are called ____________ because they lay shelled eggs | amniotes |
| mammalian version of the blastula is called the | blastocyst |
| group of cells that will develop into the embryo; used for stem cell research | inner cell mass |
| outer epithelium of the blastocyst | trophoblast |
| cells capable of developing into all different types of cells of that species | totipotent |
| pattern of development is due to a combination of ____________ & ___________ | cytoplasmic determinants & inductive cell signals |
| an example of a cytoplasmic determinant is | mRNA and transcription factors |
Created by:
kcshiker
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