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Antibiotics

Test 3

QuestionAnswer
Penicillins MECHANISM: bind penicillin binding proteins; inhibit formation of bridges in peptidoglycan. AA: Bactericidal. SPECTRUM: Gm+. INHIBITION: Beta-lactamases; Efflux of drug; Porin size (Gm-). NOTES: PenG is IV, IM. PenV is PO.
Methicillin MECHANISM:Bind PBPs. AA: Bactericidal. SPECTRUM: Gm+. INHIBITION: Same as Penicillins. NOTES: Resistant to inactivation by penicillinase of CA-MRSA.
Ampicillin/Amoxicillin MECHANISM: Bind PBPs. AA: Bactericidal. SPECTRUM: Gm+; growing E.coli, Proteus. INHIBITION: Same as penicillins. NOTES: PO 2nd Generation
Carbenicillin/Ticarcillin MECHANISM: Bind PBPs. AA: Bactericidal. SPECTRUM: Gm+,Gm-,Pseudomonas. INHIBITION: Same as penicillins. NOTES: PO 3rd Generation.
Monobactams [Aztreonam] MECHANISM: Bind PBPs. AA: Bactericidal. SPECTRUM: Aerobic Gm-;Enterobacteriaceae. INHIBITION: Resistant to B-lactamases. NOTES: Given to those allergic to penicillin.
Vancomycin MECH: Affects the D chain in growing cells. AA: Bactericidal. SPEC: MRSA; C. difficile. INH: Doesnt cross outer membrane of Gm-. NOTES: Given IV; Drug of last resort.
Isoniazid MECH: Affects Mycolic acid synthesis. AA: Bactericidal. SPEC: growing Mycobacteria. INH: Lower drug intake; resistant in TB. NOTES: PO first line of TB; Hepatotoxic.
AMINOGLYCOSIDES [Streptomycin, Gentamycin, Kanamycin] MECH: Bind irreversibly at 30S ribosome, affects A site. Mistranslation of protein.
Tetracyclines MECH: Reversibly bind at the 30S subunit, A site. Inhibits elongation. AA: Bacteriostatic. SPEC: Gm+, Gm-, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Mycoplasma. IHIBITION: Lower drug intake, Protection of 30S ribosome.NOTE: Stains teeth of young kids. Nausea, Vomiting,Diarr
MACROLIDES [Erythromycin, Azithromycin] MECH:Reversibly bind to 50S ribosome preventing ribosome synthesis. Inhibit elongation. AA: Bacteriostatic. SPEC: Mycoplasma, Chlamydia but INEFF vs. Enterobacteriaceae. INH: If 23S rRNA is methylated or lower drug intake. NV!
RIFAPIN [Rifamycin B, Rifabutin] MECH: Binds RNA Pol. AA: Bactericidal vs TB. Bactereostatic vs Staph and Strep. SPEC: TB, Neisseria meningitidis, M. avium. INH: Gm+->altered Beta subunit; Gm-->lower drug intake. NOTES: Turns urine orange.
Chloramphenicol [Cam/Cm] MECH: reversibly binds to 50S preventing peptide formation. AA: Bacteriostatic. SPEC: Salmonella typhi. INH: Alter outer membrane porins. NOTES: last resort drug except for typhoid fever.
Sulfonamides [SFX] MECH: PABA antagonist. AA: Bacteriostatic. BROAD SPECTRUM. INH: Plasmid-encoded enzyme. NOTES: allergic reaction and Jaundice.
Trimethoprim [TMP] MECH: dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. AA: Bacteriostatic. BROAD SPECTRUM. INH: same as SFX. NOTES: toxic to white blood cells.
FLUOROQUINOLONES [Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin] MECH: inhibit alpha subunit of DNA Gyrase. AA: Bactericidal. BROAD SPECTRUM. INH: altered alpha subunit. lower drug uptake. NOTES: Causes nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
Polymixin B, Polymixin E MECH: interact with lipids/phospholipids in the outer membrane. AA: Bactericidal. SPEC: Gm-, Pseudomonas. INH: Gm+ lack membrane. NOTES: topical use. Nephrotoxic.
Bacitracin MECH: inhibits the lipid carrier of peptidoglycan. AA: Bactericidal. SPEC: Gm+. INH: Gm-, intrinsic resistance, membrane impermeable.
Oxazolidinones [Linezolid] MECH:bind 50S at 23S rRNA to inhibit protein synthesis. AA: Bacteriostatic. Bactericidal v strep. SPEC: Staph, Strep, Enterococci, esp. VRE. INH:Mutation of 23S rRNA binding site. NOTES:Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia
Created by: 100000007429517
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