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Chapter 4 Human Bio
Tissues, Glands, and Membranes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| epithelial tissue | the thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body's surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures. |
| functions of Epithelial tissue | protect, secret, permeate |
| Simple Epithelium | one layer |
| Stratified Eipithelium | more than 1 layer |
| Squamous | flat |
| Cuboidal | cubed |
| Columnar | column shape |
| Simple Squamous Epithelium | 1 flat layer |
| Simple Cuboidal Epithelium | 1 cube layer |
| Simple Columnar Epithelium | 1 column layer |
| Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium | more than one layer of mostly column shapes |
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium | more than one layer of flat |
| Gland | a secreting cell or group of cells on or within a plant structure |
| Hormones | a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood |
| Endocrine Glands | glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. |
| Collagen Fibers | any of a family of extracellular, closely related proteins occurring as a major component of connective tissue, giving it strength |
| Reticular Fibers | Any of the small, branching, argyrophilic, intercellular fiber elements that may be continuous with collagen fibers |
| Elastic Fibers | Elastic fibres (or yellow fibres) are bundles of proteins (elastin) found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle |
| Function of Connective Tissue | is responsible for providing structural support for the tissues and organs of the body. |
| Dense Collagenous Tissue | mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells |
| Dense Elastic Connective Tissue | tissue in which collagen and elastic fibers are found running in all different directions and planes. |
| Loose or areolar connective Tissue | is extremely loose. It is a category of connective tissue which includes areolar tissue, reticular tissue, and adipose tissue |
| Adipose Tissue | specialized connective tissue that functions as the major storage site for fat in the form of triglycerides |
| Cartilage | a flexible connective tissue found in many areas in the bodies of humans and other animals, including the joints between bones |
| Hyaline Cartilage | consists of a slimy mass, pearly bluish in colour with firm consistency and considerable collagen. It contains no nerves or blood |
| Bone Tissue | a specialized form of connective tissue and is the main element of the skeletal tissues |
| Muscle Tissue | a very specialized tissue that has both the ability to contract and the ability to conduct electrical impulses |
| Muscle Fibers | Fast and slow twitch muscle fibers (or Type I and Type II fiber types). Does muscle fiber type determine an athlete's strength, power, speed and endurance |
| Skeletal Muscle | s a form of striated muscle tissue existing under control of the somatic nervous system- i.e. it is voluntarily controlled |
| Cardiac Muscle | is a type of involuntary striated muscle found in the walls and histologic foundation of the heart, specifically the myocardium |
| Smooth Muscle | an involuntary non-striated muscle. |
| Nervous Tissue | specialised to react to stimuli and to conduct impulses to various organs in the body which bring about a response to the stimulus |
| Action Potentials | a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls |
| Neurons or nerve cells | nerve cells that transmit nerve signals to and from the brain at up to 200 mph |
| Membrane | A flexible enclosing or separating tissue |
| Mucous Membranes | A membrane lining all body passages that communicate with the air, such as the respiratory and alimentary tracts, and having cells. |
| Serous Membranes | a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which secrete serous fluid |
| Pleural Membranes | a double-layered serous membrane found in the thoracic cavity. |
| Pericardial Membranes | divided into three layers: Fibrous Pericardium - the outer fibrous sac that covers the heart. |
| Peritoneal Membranes | the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom — it covers most of the intra-abdominal (or coelomic) organs |
| Inflammation | a process by which the body's white blood cells and chemicals protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses |
| How tissues repair works and the steps | A temporary repair-a clot that plugs the defect,fix. Inflammatory cells and then fibroblasts and capillaries gotothe clot- form a contractile granulation tissue that draws the wound margins together;the cut epidermal edges cover the denuded wound surface. |
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