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ch.4-5 test
bioooo cell structures and functions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are cell membranes crucial functions? | selectively isolate from cells exterior, regulate the exchange of essential substances, comm. w/ other cells, create attachements b/w and within cells, regulate biochemical reactions |
| whats the plasma membrane made of? | phospholipid bilayer |
| what increases the fluidity of the membrane? | the kinks in phospholipid tails |
| are most biological molecules hydrophilic or hydrophobic? | hydrophilic |
| whats embedded in the bilayer? | proteins |
| what are glycoproteins? | proteins attached to carbs |
| what are the 5 major groups of proteins? | receptor, recognition, enzymes, attachment, transport |
| what do receptor proteins do? | bind molecules in the environment, change metabolism |
| what do recognition proteins do? | id tags |
| enzymes do what? | promote chemical reactions |
| attachment proteins do what? | anchor the cell membrane |
| what do transport proteins do? | regulate the movement of hydrophilic molecules through the membrane |
| what are the 2 subtypes of transport proteins? | channel and carrier |
| what does a channel protein do? | form channels for small water-soluble molecules |
| what do carrier proteins do? | bind molecules and move them across membrane |
| whats a gradient? | physical dif. in properties between 2 adjoining regions |
| whats diffusion? | the movement of molecules from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration |
| what are the 2 ways that things move through membrane? | passive transport and energy driven transport |
| what do cells expend to move substances across membranes? | atp |
| what are the 3 typed of passive transport? | simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis |
| what occurs in simple diffusion? | lipid-soluble molecules and small molecules diffuse across membrane |
| what happens in facilitated diffusion? | water-soluble molecules diffuse w/ aid of channel or carreir proteins |
| whats osmosis? | diffusion of water |
| whats an aquaporin? | channel protein that allows water to flow through membrane |
| whats the cell theory? | every living organisms made of 1 or more cells, cells are functional units,all cells come from preexisting cells |
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