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Biology ML Chap 1
Biology by Miller & Levine Prentice Hall
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the goal of science? | to investigatge and understand the natural world (3) |
| observation | the process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful, orderly way. (4) |
| data | information gathered from observations (4) |
| inference | a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience (4) |
| hypothesis | a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations. (5) |
| science | an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world and the body of knowledge built up after years of using this process. (3) |
| first step in scientific process | making observations (4) |
| collaborate | to work in teams (5) |
| skeptical | Marked by or given to doubt; questioning (7) |
| spontaneous generation | the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter (8) |
| controlled experiment | setting up an experiment with variables controlled by the experiment designer (9) |
| valid conclusion | must be based on logical interpretation of reliable data |
| skeptic | a person who questions both existing ideas and questions current hypothesis |
| scientific understanding is always ____ | changing |
| spontaneous generation | the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter |
| manipulated variable | a variable that is deliberately changed in order to check to see if that change affects the outcome |
| responding variable | the change observed from changing the manipulated variable in an experiment |
| one | the maximum number of variables that should be changed during an experiment |
| valid conclusion | using evidence to determine whether the hypothesis was supported or refuted |
| Lazzaro Spallazani | an Italian scholar whose experiment with gravy and microorganisms supported the hypothesis that new organisms are produced only by existing organisms |
| valid conclusion | must be based on logical interpretation of reliable data |
| skeptic | a person who questions both existing ideas and questions current hypothesis |
| scientific understanding is | always changing |
| valid conclusion | must be based on logical interpretation of reliable data |
| scientific understanding is | always changing |
| one | the maximum number of variables that should be changed during an experiment |
| spontaneous generation | the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter |
| valid conclusion | using evidence to determine whether the hypothesis was supported or refuted |
| manipulated variable | a variable that is deliberately changed in order to check to see if that change affects the outcome |
| Lazzaro Spallazani | an Italian scholar whose experiment with gravy and microorganisms supported the hypothesis that new organisms are produced only by existing organisms |
| responding variable | the change observed from changing the manipulated variable in an experiment |
| Louis Pasteur | performed an experiment with broth and a sealed flash to show that all living things come from other living things |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | scientist from the Netherlands who developed a lens that showed microscopic organisms he called "animalcules" or tiny animals |
| valid conclusion | using evidence to determine whether the hypothesis was supported or refuted |
| Lazzaro Spallazani | an Italian scholar whose experiment with gravy and microorganisms supported the hypothesis that new organisms are produced only by existing organisms |
| Louis Pasteur | performed an experiment with broth and a sealed flash to show that all living things come from other living things |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | scientist from the Netherlands who developed a lens that showed microscopic organisms he called "animalcules" or tiny animals |
| Redi | a scientist who chose to record his observations and findings in a journal which was not a typical practice of the day |
| John Needham | scientist from England who did an experiment with gravy, by heating it, showed the living organisms died, they later reproduced and he concluded that life could generate from the gravy |
| theory | when a hypothesis becomes well supported it is considered this |
| scientific journal | a written record of observations and experiments to document ideas and work |
| biology | the science that seeks to understand the living world (16) |
| sexual reproduction | two cells from different parents unite to produce a new organism |
| asexual reproduction | new organism is created from a single parent |
| DHA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| genetic code | determines the inherited traits of every organism on Earth; DNA is the code |
| metabolism | the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life process |
| stimulus | a signal to which an organism responds |
| homeostasis | internal feedback mechanisms that work similar to a thermostat, ex feel thirsty when body needs water |
| evolution | slow changes to an organism over time, a theory developed by Charles Darwin |
| biosphere | the part of the Earth that contains all ecosystems |
| ecosystem | a community and its surroundings |
| community | populations that live together in a defined area |
| population | group of organisms one type that live in the same area |
| organism | an individual living thing |
| groups of cells | tissues, organs, and organ systems (part of a living thing but are not an organism in and of themselves) |
| cells | smallest funtional unit of life |
| molecules | groups of atoms, smallest unit of most chemical compounds |
| conflict of interest | when a person's work can be influenced by personal factors such as financial gain, fame, future work or favoritism |
| microscope | a device that magnifies images and allows us to see things that are not able to be seen by the naked eye |
| naked eye | the human's eye and what it can see without the help of lenses or other tools |
| light microscope | produces images with the help of light passing through the object and magnifying lenses |
| electron microscope | produces images with the help of focused beams of electrons passing through the object |
| cell fractionation | cells broken into pieces ina special blender, then spun in a centrifuge to separate the layers |
| cell culture | a procedure for growing cells under controlled conditions |
| metric system | a measurement system used in science that is standard around the world i.e. liter, milliliter |
| field studies | scientific studies done in the natural field of the thing being studied instead of indoors in an artificial environment |
| a control | a factor in an experiment that the variable is tested against, a constant, the other thing is the variable while the control is the constant |
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