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ecology hughes

Science Flashcards

QuestionAnswer
Ecology The scientific study of interactions among organisms and b/w organisms and their environment or surroundings.
Biosphere Contains the combined portions of the planet in which all life exists, including land, water, and air, or atmosphere.
Species A group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Populations Groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.
Communities Assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area.
Ecosystem A collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their living and non-living environment.
Biome A group of ecostystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities.
Autotrophs Organisms that can capture enery from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food.
Producers An organism that capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds. (Also called an autotroph)
Photosynthesis The process that autotrophs use to harness solar energy.
Chemosynthesis When organisms use chemical energy to produce carbs.
Heterotrophs Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply.
Consumers See heterotrophs.
Herbivores Obtain energy by eating only plants.
Carnivores Obtain energy by eating animals.
Omnivores Obtain energy by eating both plants and animals.
Detritivores Feed on dead animal and plant remains and other dead matter.
Decomposers A type of heterotroph that breaks down organic matter.
Food Chain A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.
Food Web When the feeding relationship among the various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of complex interactions.
Biogeochemical Cycle Process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another.
Trophic Level Step in a food chain or food web.
Biomass Total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level.
Limiting Nutrient Single nutrient that either is scarce or cycles very slowly, limiting the growth of organisms in an ecosystem.
Weather Condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place.
Climate Average, year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region.
Greenhouse Effect Natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases.
Biotic Factor Biological influence on organisms within an ecosystem.
Abiotic Factor Physical, or non-living, factor that shapes aan ecosystem.
Niche Full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions.
Logistic Growth Growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth.
Carrying Capacity Largest number of individuals of a population that a given environment can support.
Demography Scientific study of human populations.
Demographic Transition Change in a population from high birth rate to low birth and death rates.
Green Revolution The developement of highly productive crop strains and the use of modern agricultural techniques to increase yields of food crops.
Renewable Resource Resource that can regenerate quickly and that is replaceable.
Pollutant Harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the land, air, or water.
Biodiversity Biological diversity, the sum total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere.
Biological Magnification Increasing concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web.
Created by: katelynh97
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