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SPED 326-eb
understanding students with communication disorders
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Speech Disorder | Difficulty producing sounds as well as disorders of voice quality or fluency of speech, often referred to as stuttering |
Language Disorder | Difficulty receiving, understanding, or formulating ideas and information |
Receptive Language Disorder | Difficulty receiving or understanding information |
Expressive Language Disorder | Difficulty formulating ideas and information |
Cleft Palate or Lip | Condition in which a person has a split in the upper oral cavity or upper lip |
Dialect | A language variation that a group of individuals use and that reflects shared regional, social, or cultural/ethnic factors |
Speech | The oral expression of language |
Language | A structured, shared, rule-governed, symbolic system for communicating |
Phonology | Use of sounds to make meaningful syllables and words |
morphology | the system that governs the structure of words |
syntax | provides rules for putting together a series of words to form sentences |
semantics | the meaning of what is expressed |
pragmatics | the use of communication in context |
social interaction theories | emphasize that communication skills are learned through social interactions |
articulation | a speaker's production of individual or sequenced sounds |
substitutions | occurs when a person substitutes one sound for another |
omissions | occur when a person leaves a phenome out of a word |
addition | occur when persons place a vowel between two consonants |
distortions | modifications of the production of a phenome in a word |
apraxia | a motor speech disorder that affects the way in which a student plans to produce speech |
pitch | affected by the tension and size of the vocal folds and the health of the larynx |
duration | the length of time any speech sound requires |
intensity | loudness or softness |
resonance | the perceived quality of someones voice |
hypernasality | air is allowed to pass through the nasal cavity on sounds |
hyponasality | air cannot pass through the nose and comes through the mouth instead |
fluency | rate and rhythm of speaking |
specific language impairment | not related to any physical or intellectual disability |
organic disorders | those caused by an identifiable problem in the neuromuscular mechanism of the person |
functional disorders | those with no identifiable organic or neurological cause |
congenital disorder | a disorder that occurs at or before birth |
acquired disorders | a disorder that occurs well after birth |
oral motor exam | the examination of the appearance, strength, and range of motion of the lips, tongue, palate, teeth, and jaw |
bilingual | uses two languages equally well |
bidialectal | uses two variations of a language |
system for augmenting language (SAL) | focuses on augmented input of language |