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Biology PP21

DNA structure

QuestionAnswer
What are chromosome made of? protein and DNA
Bacteriophages Viruses that infect bacteria
Explain the Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase experiment (wanted to know which contained genetic material: protein or DNA) So they injected protein (in one case) and D
What's the Hershey and Chase experiment conclusion? DNA, not protein, that's the genetic material. DNA is injected into cell by phage not protein
What enters the cell and directs the synthesis of new phases? DNA
Who won the Nobel Prize for determining the structure of DNA in 1953? Watson, Crick, Wilkins (Franklin was dead so she couldn't win)
What is DNA made of? DNA is a nucleic acid made of nucleotides
What does a DNA nucleotide contain? phosphate group, sugar (deoxyribose), and nitrogenous base
How many carbons does deoxyribose have? 5
Contrast DNA and RNA DNA: have Thymine, have deoxyribose, double stranded, cannot be a enzyme; RNA have uracil, have ribose sugar, can function as an enzyme, single stranded
Similarities of DNA and RNA both nucleic acid, made of nuecleotide, both have genetic information
The two DNA are anti parellel? Yes
Where is the OH hooked on? The 5' or 3'? 3', so the new nucleotide can hook on
fill in the blank: The new nucleic acid strands are made in the ( ) to ( ) direction 5' to 3'
What bonds hold the DNA bases together hydrogen bond (so it breaks easily)
Which is the template strand? 5' or 3'? 5'
Which is the new DNA strand? 5' or 3'? 3'
DNA polymerase read each single strand and adds the complementary one
Ligase join the ends of the newly synthesized DNA
Explain the DNA replication process Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix; DNA polymerase assembles a complementary new strand on each old one, building the two strands in opposite directions; DNA ligase attaches one new strand to the previously replicated segment on the lagging strand.
Central dogma DNA --> RNA --> Protein
what three kinds of RNA are use to make proteins? Messenger RNA (mRNA); Transfer RNA (tRNA); Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transcription From DNA to mRNA
Translation From mRNA to Protein
Created by: Tiffastic
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