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ChemistryOfLife
Advanced Biology Ch. 2-3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The atomic mass of an atom depends primarily on the number of protons and ___ | Neutrons |
| The most abundant element by weight in the human body is ___ | Carbon |
| The elements H and He do not abide by the octet rule strictly, as their outer shell can hold only ___ electrons. | Two |
| In the following reaction, name the product(s): C + O -> CO... (C+O or CO) | CO |
| The ___ are the substances/substance going into the reaction | Reactants |
| The ___ are the substances/substance coming out of a reaction | Products |
| A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally | Polar covalent bond |
| A covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally among the atoms involved. | Nonpolar covalent bond |
| Water flows freely but does not separate into individual molecules because water is ___ | Cohesive |
| Water is able to reach the highest parts of plants via the vascular tissue and it's property of ___ | Adhesion |
| Ice is less/more dense than water | Less |
| Compounds that have an affinity for water are said to be... | Hydrophilic |
| Compounds that oppose polar water molecules are said to be... | Hydrophobic |
| Water can absorb large amounts of heat without much change in temperature because it was a high ___ | Heat capacity |
| Substances that contain both C and H are referred to as ___ | Organic compounds |
| Carbon requires ___ electrons to complete it's outer shell. | Four |
| Oxygen requires ___ electrons to complete it's outer shell. | 2 |
| Li requires the removal of ___ electrons to complete it's outer shell | 1 |
| Glucose is an example of a ___ | Monosaccharide |
| Compounds that contain carbon bonded only to hydrogen are called ___ | Hydrocarbons |
| Polymers are built up of ___. | Monomers |
| ___ are the monomers of nucleic acids | Nucleotides |
| ___ are the monomers of proteins | Amino acids |
| Amino acids are joined by ___ to form proteins | Peptide bonds |
| ___ fatty acids are solid at room temperature. | Saturated |
| Specific combination of bonded atoms that always has the same chemical properties and therefore, always reacts the same way | Functional group |
| Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons | Isotope |
| Refers to anything that has mass and takes up space | Matter |
| Molecules that have same number and kinds of atoms but different arrangements in 3D space | Isomer |
| Physical of chemical characteristics are called ___ | Properties |
| Substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by ordinary chemical means | Element |
| Protons and neutrons are located in the ___ | Nucleus |
| The only electrons we 'care' about are those found in the ___ | Valence shell |
| Tells us the number of protons | Atomic number |
| Determines the identify of an element | # of protons |
| Statement that elements consist of tiny particles | Atomic theory |
| Developed to organize the elements and display them for use | Periodic table |
| Water is regarded as the ___ as it can dissolve most substances | Universal solvent |
| Blood sugar | Glucose |
| Milk sugar | Lactose |
| Table sugar | Sucrose |
| Polymer of glucose that makes up the structure of plant cell walls | Cellulose |
| Composed of glycerol and fatty acids | Fats/Oils |
| Lipids with a unique structure of four fused rings | Steroids |
| Similar structure to triglycerides except that a group contains a phosphate and takes the place of one fatty acid | Phospholipid |
| ___, a steroid, is a component of the plasma membrane and allows for flexibility | Cholesterol |
| Polymer of amino acids | Proteins |
| Primary sequence of amino acids | Primary structure |
| Helix or pleated sheet | Secondary structure |
| Due to folding and twisting of the secondary structure | Tertiary structure |
| Occurs when a protein has more than one polypeptide | Quaternary structure |
| Cells and organisms differ because of their ___ | Proteins |
| Different proteins are coded for by genes composed of ___ | Nucleic acids |
| Serves a helper to DNA during protein synthesis | Ribonucleic acid |
| Modified nucleic acid that is used as a main energy carrier for most cells | ATP |
| (name that property) Water facilitates chemical reactions | Solvent |
| (name that property) Water serves as a transport medium | Cohesive/adhesive |
| (name that property) Water protests organisms from rapid changes in temperature | Heat capacity |
| (name that property) The surface of water is hard to break | Surface tension |
| (name that property) Water helps organisms resist overheating | Heat of vaporization |
| (name that property) Ice floats on liquid water | Density |
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