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68WM6 Ph 2 GI Meds
Gastrointestinal Medications
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| this class of GI medications in general should be taken on a regular schedule, 1 to 3 hours after each meal and at bedtime | antacids |
| to provide maximum benefit, an antacid treatment should elevate gastric pH above... | 5 |
| to prevent reactions with other medications, you should allow ___ ______ between antacid administration and the administration of other medications | 1 hour |
| these antacids are slow acting, contain significant amounts of sodium, and commonly cause constipation | aluminum hydroxides |
| these antacids are rapid acting and release carbon dioxide in the stomach, causing belching and flatulence | calcium carbonates |
| these antacids are rapid acting and can also act as saline laxatives, causing diarrhea, and are contraindicated in patients with obstruction, appendicitis, or undiagnosed abdominal pain | magnesium hydroxides |
| this antacid has a rapid onset, increases flatulence and abdominal pressure, and can induce systemic alkalosis | sodium bicarbonate |
| magnesium hydroxide is usually administered in combination with _______ _________ to prevent diarrhea | aluminum hydroxide |
| this gastric protectant agent is administered with meals, and can cause diarrhea and abdominal pain | misoprostol (cytotec) |
| this gastric protectant agent should be taken on an empty stomach and may cause constipation | sucralfate (carafate) |
| this glass of gastrointestinal medications supresses the secretion of gastric acid by blocking histamine at the receptor site; used for long tem management of GERD | H2 Receptor Antagonists |
| this H2 receptor antagonist passes the blood-brain barrier, and can also cause hypotension and dysrhythmias | cimetidine (tagamet) |
| this H2 receptor antagonist does not cross the blood brain barrier and rarely produces side effects | ranitidine (zantac) |
| this class of GI medications suppresses gastric acid secretion and is used to treat active ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis, and hyperseretory conditions | proton pump inhibitors |
| common H2 receptor antagonists | cimetidine (tagamet), famotidine (pepsid), nizatidine (axid), and ranitidine (zantac) |
| common proton pump inhibitors | esomeprazole (nexium), lansoprazole (prevacid), omeprazole(prilosec) pantoprazole (protonix), rabeprazole (aciphex) |
| dual therapy for H pylori infection usually includes either zantac or prilosec in combination with | clarithromycin (biaxin) |
| triple therapy for H. pylori includes what components? | two antibacterial agents and a proton pump inhibitor |
| this class of medications stimulates the motility of the GI tract and increases the rate of gastric emptying without stimulating gastric, biliary, or pancreatic secretions | GI stimulants |
| at what time of day are GI stimulants generally administered? | 30 minutes before meals and at bedtime |
| when are GI stimulants contraindicated? | mechanical obstruction, perforation, or GI hemorrhage |
| this GI stimulant can cause parkinson's like symptoms | reglan (metoclopramide) |
| commonly used GI stimulants | bethanechol chloride (urecholine, duvoid), dexpanthenol (ilopan), metoclopramide (reglan), neostigmine methylsulfate (prostigmin) |
| these two medications are used to treat hepatic encephalopaty | lactulose(cholac), neomycin (mycifradin) |
| this medication for hepatic encephalopathy lowers colonic pH, causing ammonia to be pulled into the bowel and excreted in the feces and improves protein tolerance in patients with advanced hepatic cirrhosis | lactulose (cholac) |
| this medication for hepatic encephalopathy reduces the number of colonic bacteria thus reducing ammonia production | neomycin (mycidfradin) |
| how is the choice of an antiemetic determined? | by the cause of nausea |
| these 5 classes of medications are used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease | antimicrobials, 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, immunomodulators |
| this class of medication is used to prevent or treat secondary infection associated with inflammatory bowel disease | antimicrobials |
| these two classes of medications are used to decrease gastrointestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease | 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids |
| this class of medication is used to suppress the immune system in inflammatory bowel disease | immunosuppressants |
| this class of medication reduces inflammation and interrupts the movement of leukocytes, which reduces inflammatory response in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease | immunomodulators |
| the antimicrobial most commonly used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases | metronidazole (flagyl) |
| 5-aminosalicylates that are commonly used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disorders | sulfasalazine(azulfidine), mesalamine (rowasa), olsalazine (dipentum) |
| corticosteroids commonly used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disorders | cortisone, prednisone, budesonide (entocort), hydrocortisone |
| immmunosuppressants commonly used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disorders | azathioprine (imuran), cyclosporine (neoral), mercaptopurine |
| immunomodulators commonly used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease | infliximab (remicade), natalizumab (tysabri) |
| common side effect of antiemetics | drowsiness |
| this type of laxative absorbs water into feces and helps produce large, soft stools; contraindicated in bowel obstruction | bulk-forming laxatives |
| this type of laxative stimulates motility of the large intestin | stimulant cathartic |
| this type of laxative attracts water into the large intestine to produce bulk and stimulate peristalsis | saline (osmotic) cathartics |
| this type of laxative interferes with the absorption of fat soluble vitamins and softens stool | lubricant |
| these medications inhibit absorption of water in the large intestine resulting in softer stool | stool softerners |
| commonly used bulk forming laxatives | fibercon, citrucel, metamucil |
| commonly used stimulant cathartics | bisacodyl, castor oil |
| commonly used saline (osmotic) cathartics | lactulose, mag citrate, milk of magnesia, golytely, sodium phosphates (fleet enema) |
| commonly used stool softeners | docusate calcium (surfak), docusate sodium (colace) |
| commonly used lubricant laxative | mineral oil |
| when should opoids not be used to control diarrhea? | poisons, infections, or bacterial toxins |
| these medications relax the smooth muscle of the GI tract | antispasmodics |
| opioids used to treat diarrhea | codeine, difenoxin with atropine (motofen), diphenoxylate with atropine (lomotil), loperamide (imodium), tincture of opium |
| commonly used antispasmodic | dicyclomine hydrochloride (antispas, bentyl) |
Created by:
ewoff85
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