Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
U5: Liver/Pancreas/G
Digestive System Part V: Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Liver | organ lies immediately inferior to diaphragm mostly in right, superior part of abdominal cavity; has right and left lobe separated by fold of peritoneum called falciform ligament; main function is to produce bile |
| Falciform ligament | fold of peritoneum that separates liver into right and left lobes |
| Bile | produced by liver; greenish/yellowish watery liquid that helps process fats in duodenum; contains cholesterol, bile salts to emulsify fats, bile pigments (bilirubin); normal means by which cholesterol is excreted from body |
| Bile salts | part of bile that emulsifies fats; breaks down large fat droplets into small fat droplet particles providing more surface area for lipases to work on. |
| Courses through right and left hepatic ducts, to common hepatic duct, then through bile duct to empty into duodenum | course of bile through liver |
| Hepatocytes | liver cells; allows for metabolic functions |
| Metabolic functions of liver | plasma protein production (albumin, fibrinogen), picking up glucose and storing it as glycogen; makes cholesterol, LDLs, and HDLs, stores fat-soluble vitamins, detoxifies many harmful chemicals in blood (alcohol, drugs) |
| Porta hepatis | area on posteroinferior surface of liver where some important blood vessels enter liver (common hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein) and bile-transporting ducts leave liver (left and right hepatic ducts |
| Liver lobules | functional units of liver; over 1 million; each consists of plates of liver cells that radiate out from a central vein; portal arteriole and a portal venule convey blood to each one |
| Liver sinusoids | large capillaries between plates of hepatocytes; receive blood from portal arteriole and portal venule; carry blood to central vein in middle of liver lobule |
| Kupffer cells (hepatic macrophages) | cells in walls of liver sinusoids that destroy bacteria and foreign debris in blood that flows past them |
| Cirrhosis | progressive inflammation of the liver that usually results from chronic alcoholism; causes liver’s connective tissue to regenerate faster than the hepatocytes, so liver becomes fibrous w/ scar tissue and fatty causing decline of functional capacity |
| Hepatitis | inflammation of liver most often due to viral infection; contracted via fecal-contaminated water or using blood-contaminated needles; infected hepatocytes cannot properly process bile pigments from hemoglobin, causing excessive buildup in liver and blood |
| Jaundice | yellow coloring of skin due to buildup of bilirubin in liver and blood |
| Gallbladder | small, muscular sac located in shallow depression on inferior surface of right lobe of liver; stores and concentrates bile by absorbing water from it |
| Cystic duct | gallbladder duct; joins common hepatic duct from liver to form the bile duct (common bile duct) which empties into duodenum |
| Cholescystokinin (CCK) | when fat-containing chyme enters duodenum, this hormone is released into the blood by enteroendocrine cells; stimulates the smooth muscle of gallbladder wall to contract, squeezing bile into the cystic duct and on into the duodenum via bile duct. |
| Gallstones | condition due to bile stored in gallbladder becoming too concentrated; crystallization of cholesterol forming stones with sharp, painful projections |
| Pancreas | lies posterior to stomach; shaped somewhat like a tadpole with head, body, tail regions; mixed gland so has endocrine & exocrine components; main enzyme producer of digestive system; enzymes break down carbs, proteins, fats/lipids |
| Acinar cells | exocrine components of pancreas; produce an extensive variety of digestive enzymes secreted into ducts for transportation |
| Pancreatic islets/islets of Langerhans | endocrine components of pancreas; clusters of hormone-secreting cells which include beta cells that secrete insulin and alpha cells that secrete glucagon which regulate blood sugar |
| Main pancreatic duct | largest duct that transports pancreatic enzymes; extends through length of the pancreas and on to duodenum; end joins end of bile duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla in duodenal wall and empties into duodenum at major duodenal papilla |
| Enteritis | inflammation of the intestine, especially the small intestine |
| Pyloric stenosis | congenital condition in newborns in which the pyloric sphincter of the stomach is abnormally constricted; can also occur in adults if scar tissue forms at pyloric sphincter |
Created by:
mbtrimm
Popular Biology sets