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anabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Calvin cycle | the main pw for the fixation of co2 into organic material by photoautotrophs and chemolithoautotrophs |
| Gluconeogensis | the syn of glucose form the noncarbohydrate precursors such as lactate and amino acids |
| Glyoxylate cycle | a modified ca cycle used to replenish precursor metabolites normally provided by the tca cycle |
| Nitrogen fixation | the metabolic processs in which atmospheric molecular nitrogen is reduced to ammonia |
| Nucleoside | a combo of ribose or deoxyribose w a purine or pyrimidine N base |
| Nucleotide | a nucleoside plus one or more phosphates |
| Purine | a basic heterocyclic N containing molecule found in nucleic acids and other cell constituents, adenine and guanine |
| Pyrimidine | a basic heterocyclic N containing molecule found in nucleic acids and other cell constituents, cytosine, thymine and uracil |
| Ribulose 1 5 bisphosphate carboxylase | the enzyme that catalyzes the incorporation of Co 2 in the calvin cycle |
| Transaminases enzymes | that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to an alpha keto acid |
| Transpeptidation | reaction that forms the peptide crosslinks during peptidoglycan synthesis |
| Denitrification | anaerobic, two thirds of atp made, sulfate-small group of bacteria, CO2- methanogenesis, |
| Lactic acid fermentation | pyruvate +NADH>Lactic acid+NAD |
| Homolactic | only use lactic acid |
| Heterolactic | produce other products ethanol |
| Alcoholic fermentation | pyru>acetaldehyde+CO2, acetaldehyde+NADH>ethanol+NAD, fungi and bacteria |
| Mixed acid fermentation | bacteria, enterics e. coli |
| Butyric acid | clostridium, stickland reaction |
| Propionic acid | swiss cheese |
| Location of photo | pro-cell membrane and cytoplasm, euk-chloroplasts, energy released from an excited electron that returns |
| Light dependent reactions | light energy is transformed into chemical energy held in atp, water is split to release o2 and hydrogen |
| Light independent reactions | atp is used to create covalent bonds between 6CO2+12H>C6H12O8 |
| Anticodon | the base triplet on a tRNA that is complementary to the triplet codon on mRNA |
| Codon | a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that directs the incorporation of an amino acid during protein syn of signals the stop of translation |
| DNA polymerase | enzyme that syn new DNA using a parental nucleic acid strand as a template |
| Calvin Cycle | Carbon fixation, Reduction, Regeneration, occurs in stroma of chloroplast or cytosol |
| Carbon fixation | ATP cost, incorporation of three molecules of CO into three molecules of rib 1, 5 bisphos by the enzyme RuBisCO, six 3Cmolecules result as 3 phosphoglycerate, 6 ATP from the light reaction are used to produce bisphogly |
| Reduction | NADPH, second phase the reduction of bisphogly to glyceraldehyde three phosphate, one molecule of G3P will leave the cycle and be used in the syn of carb or other organic compounds, the remaining five will stay in the cycle and enter regeneration |
| Regeneration | ATP, the five remaingin G3P are used at various points to 3 convergent pw that produce 3 molecules of rib 5 phosphate, 3 ATP are used in the final regen of rib 1, 5 bispho |
| 3-hydroxypropionate cycle, reductive acetyl CoA pw | pws of CO2 assimilation, photosynthetic bacterium, auto archaea, methanogens |
| Primary productive | rain forest 11 percent, estuaries 3 percent, least productive tundras but only 33 percent of earths surface, ocean 8x pro of land |
| sympagic foodweb | ice specific food web |
| Anoxygenic photo | Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria have a single photosystem containing bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) as the reaction center. |
| AnO2 | Water is not split and oxygen is not produced in anoxygenic photosynthesis, which is a process used by some phototrophic bacteria. Cyanobacteria using only photosystem I. |
| AnO2 | Cyanobacteria using only photosystem I. Purple and Green bacteria Photophosphorylation in these microbes requires an electron and hydrogen donor other than water, such as hydrogen gas (H2) or hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Light + 6CO2 + H2 C6H12O6 Light |
| Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) | is a transmembrane protein that acts as a light-driven (green λ of sunlight) proton pump. |
| Halorhodopsin | funnels chloride ions keeping the internal concentration of chloride at high levels that match the salty conditions outside the cell. |
| rhodopsins | rhodopsins sense bluish light and send signals to the cell to move, finding an area with more useful, greenish light (phototaxis) |
| Proteorhodopsin | is a photoactive protein homologous to bacteriorhodopsin, but found in marine bacterioplankton. |
| Chemolithotrophs | prokaryote process,N, S, Fe, H |
Created by:
wfetner
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