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SRGT Ch6 Terminology
Urinary System Ch6 Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of the urinary system: | -cleans the blood -regulates blood pressure -maintains homeostasis |
| The act of releasing urine is called: | -urination -micturition -voiding |
| Average person urinates ... | 5 times a day and usually 1.5 liters |
| Kidneys | (nephr/o), (ren/o) |
| Ureters | (ureter/o) move urine from kidneys to bladder |
| Bladder | (cyst/o) (vesic/o) sac that stores urine until it is excreted |
| Trigone | (trigon/o) triangular area in the bladder between the ureter's entrance and the urethral outlet |
| Urethra | (urethr/o) tube that conducts urine out of the body |
| Urinary meatus | (meat/o) opening in the urethra |
| Kidneys located: | retroperitoneal -behind the lining of the abdominal cavity |
| Size of kidney is: | size of your fist |
| Cortex | (cortic/o) |
| Medulla | (medull/o) |
| Renal pelvis | (pyel/o) |
| Calyx/calix | (calic/o) |
| Hilum | (hil/o) -ureter, renal vein and artery enter the kidney |
| Albuminuria * | albumin in the urine |
| Bacteriuria * | bacteria in the urine |
| Glycosuria * | sugar in the urine |
| Hematuria * | blood in the urine |
| Pyuria * | pus in the urine |
| Pyopyelectasis | a dilation of the renal pelvis caused by an accumulation of pus |
| Anuria * | no urine |
| Dysuria * | painful urination |
| Nocturia * | excessive urination at night |
| Oliguria * | scanty urination |
| Polyuria * | excessive urination |
| Enuresis | bed wetting |
| Polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| Incontinence | inability to hold urine |
| Retention | inability to release urine |
| Urgency | intense sensation of the need to urinate immediately |
| UTI | urinary tract infection |
| Polycystic kidney disease | -inherited -bilateral -enlargement due to cysts |
| Renal colic | severe pain associated with kidney stones lodged in the ureter |
| Urolithiasis | (urinary calculi) stones anywhere in the urinary tract |
| Nephrolithiasis | (kidney stones) stones in the kidney |
| Nephropathy | disease of the kidney |
| Renal sclerosis | (nephrosclerosis) hardening of the arteries of the kidneys |
| Nephroptosis | prolapse or sagging of the kidney |
| Nephritis | inflammation of the kidney |
| Pyelonephritis | infection/inflammation of the renal pelvis of the kidney |
| hydronephrosis | -dilation of renal pelvis and calices -caused by obstruction -can cause renal failure |
| ARF | Acute renal failure |
| CKD | Chronic kidney disease |
| Cystitis | inflammation of the bladder |
| Cystocele | herniation of the bladder |
| Urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
| Urethral stenosis | (urethral stricture) narrowing of the urethra |
| Ureterocele | prolapse of the terminal end of the ureter into the bladder |
| Vesicoureteral reflux | abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder to ureter |
| Renal cell carcinoma | hypernephroma or adenocarcinoma of the kidney |
| Nephroblastoma | (Wilms tumor) cancerous tumors of the kidney, usually discovered around child's 3rd birthday |
| UA | urinalysis -a physical, chemical and/or microscopic examination of the urine |
| BUN | blood, urea, nitrogen -increased level is an indicator of kidney dysfunction |
| GFR | glomerular filtration rate |
| IVU or IVP | intravenous urography or intravenous pyelography -radiographic (x-ray) imaging of the kidney, ureters and bladder WITH a contrast medium |
| KUB | kidneys, ureters and bladder -imaging of the kidney, ureters and bladder WITHOUT a contrast medium |
| Cystoscopy | visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cytoscope |
| Cystourethroscopy | visual examination of the urinary bladder and urethra using a cytoscope |
| Catheter | hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel, organ or cavity of the body to withdraw or instill fluid |
| Stent | tubular device for supporting hollow structures during surgical anastomosis or for holding arteries open after angioplasty |
| Laparoscope | visualize peritoneal (abdominal cavity) |
| Cytoscope | visualize bladder |
| Nephroscope | visualize kidney |
| Lithotrite | used to crush a calculus (stone) in the bladder |
| Lithotripter | machine used to crush stones |
| Urinometer | used to measure urine output |
| Transurethral procedures * | any procedure conducted through the urethra |
| Urethrolysis * | destruction of adhesions of the urethra |
| Vesicotomy * | incision of the bladder |
| ESWL | extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy |
| Nephrolithotomy | incision of the kidney to remove a kidney stone |
| Nephrotomy | incision into the kidney |
| Nephrostomy | opening made into the kidney so that a catheter can be placed |
| Nephrectomy | resection (removal) of kidney |
| Nephropexy | suspension or fixation of kidney |
| CAPD | continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis |
| GU | genitourinary |
| ESRD | end stage renal disease |
| TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate |
| TURBT | transurethral resection of the bladder tumor |
| Na | sodium (natr/o) |
| Cl | chloride |
| EUA | exam under anesthesia |
| K | potassium (kal/i) |
| Poly- | profuse, excessive |
| Dys- | painful, abnormal |
| Di- | through, complete |
| -cele | herniation |
| -dipsia | thirst |
| -pexy | fixation, suspension |
| -ptosis | drooping; prolapse |
| azot/o | nitrogen |
| cyst/o | bladder; cyst; sac |
| gluc/o, glyc/o | sweet; sugar |
| lith/o | stone |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| ren/o | kidney |
| vesic/o | bladder |
| olig/o | scanty; few |
| DI Diabetes insipidus | deficiency of antidiuretic hormone, causes polyuria and polydipsia |
| DM Diabetes mellitus | metabolic disease caused by absolute or relative deficiency of insulin |
| Acidifiers | drugs that DECREASE the pH of the urine to help prevent kidney stones |
| Alkalinizers | drugs that INCREASE the pH of the urine to treat acidosis or promote excretion of some drugs and toxins |
| Anticholinergics | drugs that help control urinary incontinence by blocking nerves that control bladder and sphincter muscles |
| Antidiuretics | drugs that suppress the urine formation |
| Antiinfectives | drugs that fight infection in the urinary system |
| Antispasmodics | drugs that help prevent muscle spasms in the bladder in the treatment of incontinence |
| Diuretics | drugs that increase the formation of urine by promoting excretion of water and sodium |
Created by:
alyseg
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