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Bio401 - Lec1
Scientists
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Robert Hooke | -Built first compound microscope. -Published "Micrographia" and coined the term cell. |
| Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek | -Built single lens magnifiers complete with sample holder and focus adjustment. -First observed single-celled microbes in teeth. |
| Francesco Redi & Lazzaro Spallanazani | -Disproved spontaneous generation. |
| Robert Koch | -Founder of scientific method of microbioolgy. -Developed pure culture techniques. -Developed Postulates. |
| Lady Mary Montagu | -Introduced the practice of small pox inoculation. -Learned while traveling that people can be inoculated using small pox matter. |
| Edward Jenner | -Infected patients with matter from cow pox lesion. -Performed vaccination. |
| Ignaz Semmelweis | -Ordered doctors to wash their hands with chlorine, an antiseptic agent, which resulted in a decline in mortality rate. |
| Joseph Lister | -Developed carbolic acid to treat wounds and clean surgical instruments. |
| Alexander Fleming | -Discovered penicillium mold generated a substance that kills bacteria. |
| Howard Florey & Ernst Chain | -Purified Penicillin, which became the first commercial antibiotic. |
| Martinus Beijerinck | -Discovered viruses. |
| Sergei Winogradsky | -Discovered Lithotrophs. -Developed enrichment cultures. -Built the Winogradsky Column. |
| Lyn Margulis | -Proposed that eukaroytic organelles, such as mitochondria & chloroplasts evolved by endosymbiosis from prokaryotic cells engulfted by proto-eukaryotes, which is called serial endosymbiosis. |
| Carl Woese | -Studied recently discovered prokaryotes in hot springs. -Analysis of the 16s RNA revealed they were different and he called them Archaea. -His discovery replaced 5 kingdoms with 3 domains; Bacteria, Archaea, & Eukarya. |
| Florence Nightingale | -Quantified the impact of infectious disease on human populations. -Devised the "polar area chart." |
| Louis Pasteur | -Discovered the microbial basis of fermentation. |
| Louis Pasteur | -Developed first vaccines based on attenuated (weakened) strains. |
| Ernst Haeckel & Herbert Copeland & Robert Whittaker | -Found that microbes were a third kind of life called Morena. -Split Morena into two; Eukaryotic protists and prokaryotes. -Added fungi as the 5th kingdom of eukaryotic microbes. |
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