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Microbio Ch1
Microbial world and you
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Microorganisms | Organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye |
| Germ | Rapidly growing cell |
| Pathogenic | disease-causing |
| Microbes | Few are pathogenic, decompose organic waste, producers in the ecosystem by photosynthesis, produce ethanol and acetone, produce fermented foods:vinegar, cheese and bread, produce products used in manufacturing and treatment such as cellulase & insulin |
| Genus | 1st name of organism |
| Specific epithet | Species name, follows Genus |
| Prokaryotes | Prenucleus. Includes bacteria and archaea. |
| Eukaryotes | Have a nucleus containing DNA. |
| Bacteria | Prokaryotes/peptidoglycan cell wall/divide by binary fission/flagella/ |
| Fungi | Eukaryotes/molds & mushrooms are multicellular consisting of masses of mycelia which are composed of long filaments hyphae/yeast are unicellular/chitin cell walls |
| Algae | Eukaryotes/Cellulose cell walls/Photosynthesis for energy/Produce oxygen & carbs/uni or multicellular |
| Achaea | Prokaryotes/lack peptidoglycan/live in extreme environments/methanogens=methane/extreme halophiles=salt loving/extreme thermophiles=live in hot sulfurous water/not disease causing in humans |
| Protoza | Eukaryotes/absorb or ingest organic chemicals/motile via pseudopods, cilia or flagella/unicellular |
| Viruses | Acellular(noncellular)/DNA or RNA surrounded by protein coat/coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope/Viruses are replicated only in a host cell |
| Multicellular Animal Parasites | Eukaryotes/multicellular/parasitic flatworms and round worms and called Helminths/microscopic stages in life cycles |
| 3 Domains | Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya. |
| Eukarya (domain) | Includes Protists, fungi, plants and animals. |
| Robert Hooke | Cell theory: all living things are composed of cells and come from preexisting cells |
| Louis Pasteur | Found that yeast ferment sugars to alcohol & that bacteria can oxidize the alcohol to acetic acid. Pasteurization is used to kill bacteria in some alcohol and milk. |
| Joseph Lister | Introduced the use of a disinfectant to clean wounds. |
| Robert Koch | Proved that microorganisms cause disease. Koch's Postulates=proves that a specific microbe causes a specific disease. |
| Edward Jenner | Demonstrated that inoculation with cowpox material provides humans with immunity to smallpox. |
| Quinine from tree bark | used to treat Malaria |
| Paul Erlich | Magic Bullet can destroy a pathogen without harming the host. Salvarsan to treat syphilis. |
| Alexander Fleming | Discovered Penicillin |
| Chemotherapy | Treatment with chemicals |
| Synthetic drugs | chemotherapeutic agents prepared from chemicals |
| Antibiotics | Chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes |
| Vaccination | The process of confering immunity by administering a vaccine;also called immunization. |
| Vaccine | A preparation of killed, inactivated, or attenuated microorganisms or toxoids to induce artificially aquired active immunity. |
Created by:
nadiapr
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