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Biology Chapter 10
Final Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do cells divide instead of growing indefinately? | a. the cell places more demands on its DNA. b. The cell has more trouble moving enough nutrients and wastes across the cell membrane. |
| Does a cell make extra copies of its DNA as it grows? | no |
| What determines the rate at which food and oxygen in a cell are used up and waste products produced. | The cell's volume. |
| Cell division | the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells |
| How does cell division solve the problem of increasing size? | The DNA replicates, so each new, smaller cell has all the DNA it needs. Its volume is also smaller. |
| Visible chromosomes | only visible during cell division. They consist of condensed DNA and protein molecules that were previously spread throughout the nucleus. |
| Centromere | where each pair of chromatids is attached. |
| Interphase | the period of growth in between cell divisions. |
| Cell cycle | the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide. |
| G1 phase | Cells do most of their growing and syntehsize new proteins and organelles. |
| S phase | Chromosomes are replicated and the syntehsis of DNA molecules takes place. |
| G2 phase | Many of the organelles required for cell division are produced |
| Mitosis | the division of the cell nucleus. Consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Also called the M phase. |
| Centrioles | the two tiny structures near the nuclear envelope at the ends of the spindles. |
| Spindle | a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes |
| Prophase | the chromosomes become visible, the centrioles take up positions of opposite sides of the nucleus |
| Metaphase | the chormosomes line up across the center of the cell. |
| Anaphase | The chromosomes move until they form two groups near the poles of the spindle. |
| Telophase | A nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes. The nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter nucleus. |
| Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm itself. |
| Cytokinesis in animal cells | The cell membrane is drawn inward (clevage) until it pinches off into two nearly equal parts. |
| Cytokinesis in plant cells. | A cell plate forms midway between the divide nucleus. |
| Cells grow until | they come in contact with other cells. |
| Cyclins | regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells. |
| Cancer | A disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth. They form tumors. |
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numchuckskillz
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