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Biology Chapter 10

Final Review

QuestionAnswer
Why do cells divide instead of growing indefinately? a. the cell places more demands on its DNA. b. The cell has more trouble moving enough nutrients and wastes across the cell membrane.
Does a cell make extra copies of its DNA as it grows? no
What determines the rate at which food and oxygen in a cell are used up and waste products produced. The cell's volume.
Cell division the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
How does cell division solve the problem of increasing size? The DNA replicates, so each new, smaller cell has all the DNA it needs. Its volume is also smaller.
Visible chromosomes only visible during cell division. They consist of condensed DNA and protein molecules that were previously spread throughout the nucleus.
Centromere where each pair of chromatids is attached.
Interphase the period of growth in between cell divisions.
Cell cycle the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
G1 phase Cells do most of their growing and syntehsize new proteins and organelles.
S phase Chromosomes are replicated and the syntehsis of DNA molecules takes place.
G2 phase Many of the organelles required for cell division are produced
Mitosis the division of the cell nucleus. Consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Also called the M phase.
Centrioles the two tiny structures near the nuclear envelope at the ends of the spindles.
Spindle a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes
Prophase the chromosomes become visible, the centrioles take up positions of opposite sides of the nucleus
Metaphase the chormosomes line up across the center of the cell.
Anaphase The chromosomes move until they form two groups near the poles of the spindle.
Telophase A nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes. The nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter nucleus.
Cytokinesis The division of the cytoplasm itself.
Cytokinesis in animal cells The cell membrane is drawn inward (clevage) until it pinches off into two nearly equal parts.
Cytokinesis in plant cells. A cell plate forms midway between the divide nucleus.
Cells grow until they come in contact with other cells.
Cyclins regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
Cancer A disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth. They form tumors.
Created by: numchuckskillz
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