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Biology vocab 12-4

Vocabulary 12: 3-4

QuestionAnswer
gene sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
messenger DNA RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
ribosomal DNA type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes
transfer DNA type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
transcription process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA
RNA polymerase enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription
promoters region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA
exons expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
introns sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein
codon three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
translation decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
anticodon group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
mutations change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information
point mutations gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides
frameshift mutations mutation that shifts the “reading” frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
polyploidy condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Created by: 4minutesofpapaya
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