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World Musics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nhac Tai Tu | type of chamber music ensemble from S. Vietnam; amateur instrumentalists who play more for their own enjoyment than others |
| Piphat | classical ensemble from Thailand characterized by the use of melodic and rhythmic percussion and a double-reed aerophone |
| Khru | Thai teacher; linguistically associated with word “guru” found in Hinduism |
| Ramayana | Indian mythological epic about Hindu god Rama found throughout South and SE Asia |
| Khaen | bamboo free-reed mouth organ from NE Thailand and Laos |
| Polyphonic Stratification | layering of simultaneous variants of the same melody |
| Colotomic structure | music organized into cycles defined by periodic punctuation played by a specific instrument (basis for Javanese Court Gamelan) |
| Pi | double reed aerophone found in the piphat classical ensemble of Thailand |
| Palm Wine Guitar | popular music style from Sub-Sarharan Africa known for its association with folk musicians who frequently played for drinks, including palm wine |
| Metallophone | idiophone consisting of several metal bars graduated in length to produce different pitches |
| Maqam | Arabic/Turkish mode or system of rules and expectations for composition and improv |
| Dastgah | Persian (Iranian) mode or system of rules and expectations for composition and improv |
| Santur | hammered zither from Persian classical tradition |
| Ud | fretless, plucked pear-shaped lute found in Arabic music traditions and is the origin of certain lutes of Africa, Asia, and Europe |
| Kanun | plucked zither used in Turkish and Arabic music traditions, prominent in takht ensembles |
| Takht | Arabic music ensemble including zithers, bowed and plucked lutes, drums, aerophones, and sometimes non-traditional instruments |
| Khöömei | throat or overtone singing from Mongolia |
| Sankyoku | Japanese chamber ensemble, consisting of voice, koto (zither), shakuhachi (flute), and shamisen (lute) |
| Kabuki | popular music theater form developed for Japan’s middle class in the 18th C |
| Tarab | Arabic word for a state of emotional transformation or ecstasy achieved through music |
| Dhikr | Suf ritual in which believers chant the name of God with the goal of entering an ecstatic state |
| Adhan | Islamic call to prayer |
| Muezzin | person who calls Islamic believers to worship 5x a day |
| Raqs Sharqi | belly-dancing |
| Raqs balladi | more traditional form of dancing |
| Palm Wine Guitar | popular music style from Sub-Sarharan Africa known for its association with folk musicians who frequently played for drinks, including palm wine |
| Jali | poet/praise singer and oral historian from the Mandinka of Western Africa |
| Kora | harp-lute or bridge harp played by a jail during his poetic recitation |
| Mbube | genre of choral performance common among migrant workers of S. Africa |
| Atumpan | pair of large, goblet-shaped hollow logs with heads of tightly stretched animal skin |
| Mbira | lamellophones found in Africa |
| Akadinda | large, heavy log xylophone from Uganda that uses interlocking patterns that can approach nearly 600 bpm |
| Iscathamiya | derivative of mbube style, means “to walk like a cat,” softer, smoother, subdued dance style |
| Balalaika | triangle-shaped, fretted plucked lute from Russia |
| Flamenco | Spanish musical tradition featuring vocals with guitar accompaniment, characterized by passionate singing and vibrant rhythm |
| Duende | Spanish word meaning “passion,” which refers to an emotional quality considered essential in performances by Spanish Flamenco singers |
| Pibroch | form of Scottish bagpipe music with an extended theme-and-variations structure |
| Uilleann Bagpipes | bellows-driven pipes of Ireland, means “elbow” |
| Hurdy Gurdy | chordophone common in France and Hungary that uses a wheel turned by a crank to vibrate the strings |
| Ululation | performing of a single pitch repeatedly with glottal stops |
| Bagpipes | reed aerophone consisting of an air bag (bellows), chanter (melody pipe), and drone pipes |
| Rom | ethnic group originating in India characterized by a semi-nomadic lifestyle; Gypsies |
| Cimbalom | hammered zither from E. Europe, commonly associated with Rom (gypsy) music; national instrument of Hungary |
| Reggae | popular music from Jamaica characterized by a rhythmic emphasis on the offbeat and by politically and socially conscious lyrics |
| Calypso | popular music from Trinidad characterized by improvised lyrics on topical and broadly humorous subject matter |
| Pan | steel oil drum, instrument in Trinidad |
| Santeria | African-derived animistic belief system found primarily in Cuba and USA |
| Clave | rhythmic pattern in Salsa music, also an instrument |
| Guaracha | Latin American ballroom dance as well as a song type emphasizing call-and-response vocal organization |
| Ska | predecessor of reggae, Jamaican response to American rhythm and blues/rock and roll |
| Vaksin | group of bamboo “trumpets,” each capable of playing a single note |
| Rastafarianism | wore dreadlocks, smoking of ganga (marijuana) |
| Siku | panpipes common among indigenous populations from Peru and throughout the andes |
| Bombos | large drum used in sikuri performances from Peru as well as Samba music from Brazil |
| Totem | plant, animal, or natural object used as an emblem for a person or group of people |
| Tango | dance and associated music from Argentina |
| Bandoneon | button-box accordion |
| Mariachi | entertainment music from Mexico |
| Samba | music/dance from Brazil |
| Capoeira | dance developed from a style of martial arts created by runaway slaves in Brazil |
| Agogo | double-bell found in W Africa and used in African-derived music |
| Rêco-Rêco | notched scraper idiophone found in Latin American music traditions |
| Ginga | back-and-forth motion used as a basis for capoeira dancing |
| Pandeiros | handheld frame drum with attached cymbals used in capoeira music |
| Peurt a Beul | unaccompanied dance song with nonsense syllables used to substitute for fiddling |
| Céilidh | house party |
| Wacipi (powwow) | pan-tribal American Indian event celebrating Native American identity and culture, generally also open to non-Native Americans |
| Conjunto | popular dance music found along Texas-Mexico border in North America |
| Lining-out | minister would read the psalm before it was sung |
| Semiotics | the study of signs and systems of signs, including music |
| Poietic | creator of music encodes meanings and emotions into the “neutral” composition or performance |
| Esthesic | person listening to music interprets meaning and emotions |
| Ethocentrism | unconscious assumption that one’s own cultural background is “normal” while that of others is “strange” or “exotic” |
| Ethnomusicology | scholarly study of any music within its contemporary cultural |
| Bi-musicality | researchers combine learning to play the music under study with field observation (Ki Mantle Hood) |
| Postmodernism | de-emphasizes description and the search for absolute truth in favor of interpretation and the acceptance of the reality of truth |
| Canon | foundational list of core composers and works every music student is expected to know |
| Organology | study of musical instruments |
| Sachs-Hornbostel System | standard classification system for musical instruments created by Curt Sachs and Erik M. von Hornbostel |
| Aerophone | produces sound through air vibration |
| Chordophones | stringed instruments (lutes, zithers, harps, lyres) |
| Fret | bar or ridge found on chordophones that enables performers to produce different melodic pitches with consistent frequency levels |
| Idiophones | instruments that produce sound through the instrument itself vibrating |
| Membranophones | have a vibrating membrane |
| Melodic contour | general direction and shape of a melody |
| Drone | continuous or repeating sound |
| Text-setting | rhythmic relationship of words to melody; can by syllabic (one pitch per syllable) or melismatic (more than one pitch per syllable) |
| Phonic Structure | relationship between different sounds in a given piece; can be either monophony or some form of polyphony |
| Monophony | music with a single melodic line |
| Polyphony | juxtaposition or overlapping of multiple lines of music; 3 types are homophony, independent polyphony, and heterophony |
| Homophony | multiple lines of music expressing the same musical idea in the same meter |
| Independent polyphony | multiple lines of music expressing independent musical ideas as a cohesive whole |
| Heterophony | multiple performers playing simultaneous variations of the same line of music |
| Etic | perspective of a cultural outsider |
| Emic | perspective of a cultural insider |
| Santur | hammered zither from the Persian classical tradition. Often cited as the origin of hammered zithers found throughout Asia, N Africa, Europe, and the W Hemisphere |
| Zurna | double-reed aerophone from Turkey, North Africa, and Greece |
| Baglama | round-bodied lute from turkey |
| Polynesia | collection of islands in the Pacific Ocean. Term derived from Greek- “many islands” |
| Didjeridu | long trumpet made from a hollowed tree brance and played by Aborigines from Australia; low, rumbling drone sound |
| Aborigines | generic term for an indigenous population, often used to describe native people of Australia |
| Animism | belief systems in which natural phenomena as well as both animate and inanimate objects are considered to possess a spirit |
| Dreamtime | term describing Australian aboriginal spiritual belief system and concept of creation |
| Melanesia | islands in Pacific Ocean, means “black islands” because of darker skin pigmentation of majority of population |
| Portamento | smooth, uninterrupted glide from one pitch to another |
| Pahu | single-headed cylindrical membranophone from Hawaii that stands vertically on a carved footed base |
| Kilu | small drum from Hawaii, usually made from a coconut shell with a fish skin face |
| Hulu pahu | Hawaiian dance songs using drum accompaniment |
| Micronesia | “tiny islands” |
| Sarod | fretless, plucked lute from India |
| Caste System | hierarchical system of social organization based on hereditary status at birth, found in Indai and associated with Hinduism |
| Raga | mode or system of rules and procedures for composition and improv in Indian classical music |
| Bollywood | India’s film industry, Bombay and Hollywood |
| Bhajan | Hindu devotional songs from India |
| Bauls | group of itinerant musicians from India, especially noted for their poetry |
| Bols | mnemonic syllables corresponding to drum strokes in Indian drumming traditions |
| Gat | skeletal melody used as a basis for improve in a raga performance of classical Indian instrumental music |
| Alap | opening section of a raga performance in which the performer “explores” the raga |
Created by:
megshu
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