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12.1-12.4

Term Definition
transformation process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
bacteriophage virus that infects bacteria
nucleotide monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
base pairing principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
chromatin granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
histone protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
replication copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA
DNA polymerase enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule
gene sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
messenger RNA (mRNA) RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes
transfer RNA (tRNA) type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
transcription process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA
RNA polymerase enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription
promoter region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA
intron sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein
exon expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
codon three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
translation decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
anticodon group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
mutation change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information
point mutation gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides
frameshift mutation mutation that shifts the “reading” frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
polyploidy condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Created by: 13_rbianchi
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