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Ch 12 & 13 Test
Adv. Biology Ch 12 & 13 Test Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Somatic Cell | Body cell |
| Gametes | Reproductive cells |
| Meiosis | The process of nuclear division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. |
| Crossing-over | The breakage and exchange of corresponding segments of homologous chromosomes at one or more sites along their length, resulting in genetic recombination |
| Diploid | A cell having both chromosomes of a homologous pair |
| Haploid | A cell having only one chromosome of each homologous pair |
| Synapsis | The pairing of homologous chromosomes |
| Tetrad | The paired homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis |
| Independent Assortment | The random separation of homologous chromosomes |
| Asexual reproduction | Reproduction without the union of gametes |
| Sexual reproduction | Reproduction with the union of gametes |
| Stigma | The female reproductive part of a flower |
| Anther | The male reproductive part of a flower having the pollen |
| Gene | A short segment of DNA |
| Allele | The alternative forms of a gene |
| Probability | The likelihood of that a particular event will occur |
| Monohybrid Cross | A cross between one pair of contrasting traits |
| Dihybrid Cross | A cross between two pair of contrasting traits |
| P1 Generation | The pure plants of Mendel's first generation |
| F1 Generation | The cross-pollinated offspring of the P1 generation |
| F2 Generation | The self-pollinated offspring of the F1 generation |
| Dominant | The trait that masks the other trait of a pair |
| Recessive | The trait that is masked by another trait |
| Law of Segregation | Factors are separated during the formation of gametes. |
| Law of Independent Assortment | Factors are randomly distributed to the gametes during meiosis |
| Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism |
| Phenotype | The physical appearance of a trait based on the genotype |
| Homozygous | The two alleles of a trait are the same |
| Heterozygous | The two alleles of a trait are different |
| Incomplete Dominance | Alleles of a heterozygous individual blend |
| Codominance | Both alleles of a heterozygous individual appear |
| Cross pollination | The pollen from the male part of a flower fertilizes the female parts of a flower on a different plant |
| Self Pollination | The pollen from the male part of a flower fertilizes the female parts of the same flower or another flower on the same plant. |