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CUI BIO Test 2

DNA & Biotechnology (Protein Synthesis)

QuestionAnswer
What are proteins? Sequences of amino acids
What are the two types of proteins? Structural and enzymatic
What is a structural protein? ex. Muscle tissue (actin and myosin)
What is an enzymatic protein? A protein that is made in the cell for use in a metabolic pathway to produce a biochemical the body needs
What is a polypeptide? A chain of amino acids
What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic acid A long sequence of nucleotides
What is RNA? Ribonucleic acid
What is mRNA? The messenger RNA Carries information to the ribosome in the cell cytoplasm where it is translated
What is rRNA? The ribosomes
What is tRNA? The transfer RNA Brings individual amino acids to the ribosomes
What are nucleotides? Is comprised of a base, a phosphate, and a sugar In DNA bases = A, T, C, G In RNA bases = A, U, C, G
What are the structure differences between DNA and RNA? DNA consists of two helixes (2 nucleotide chains) RNA consists of one helix (1 nucleotide chain)
What is the complimentary base pairing with DNA replication? A - T C - G
What is the complimentary base pairing with mRNA production? A - U C - G
What is a triplet code? 3 nucleotides in DNA
What is a mutation? the changing of the structure of a gene cause by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes
What is a code? DNA nucleotide bases = A, T, C, G
What is a codon? mRNA nucleotide bases = A, U, C, G
What is an anticodon? tRNA nucleotide bases = A, U, C, G In sets of 3
What is helicase? A protein that opens the DNA molecule at the activated gene
What is mRNA polymerase? Assembles RNA nucleotides by reading the DNA bases
What is DNA polymerase? Protein that builds complementary DNA strands from nucleotides
Created by: JamesBogert
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