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CV disordersHBBV
Cardiovascular disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cardiovascular system | artiers, veins capillaries |
| Arteries | carry oxygenated blood from heart to body, muscular and elastic in nature-accomodate pressure increases during heart contraction, mainaint unidirection blood flow duint heart relaxation |
| veins | composed of small layer of muscle, blood flow back to hear it supported by skeletal muscle contraction, valves present to prevent backflow of blood |
| Capillaries | connect artiers to veins through networks fo tiny vessels-capillary beds, exchangfe of nutrients, gases horomones |
| Blood flow | left and right sides of heart work together, both bentricles contract(systole), releax(diastole), heart pumps 5-6L of blood per min, contraction ciculates blood to every cell in body |
| Diasotle | relaxation-blood flows into and through atria to ventricles, as atrial pressure increases, blood flow forced down into ventricles |
| systole | contraction-during ventricular contraction-tricuspid valve closess-blood travels to pulmonary artery, mitral valve closes-blood travels to aortic atery |
| Stroke Volume | amount of blood pumped during ventricular contraction |
| Cardiac output | stroke volume* heart rate |
| Heart internal structures | coronary artiers, intrinsic electical conduction system |
| coronary arteries | branch from base of aorta to supply entire myocaridum |
| intrinsic electrical conduction system | SA node depolarizes-spread electicity though pathway in atria, depolarization reaches the AV node-travels to ventricular walls-contraction by wya of AV bundle, bundle branches, pukinji fibers |
| Responses and adapations to exercise | exercising muscls require more o2, both components of cardiac output are increased, vascular resistence decreases,-vasodilation in skeletal muscle, systolic pressure can increase to 250mmHg, diastolic pressure remains constant |
| exercising muscles require more o2 | heart rate and respiration rate both increase significantly |
| both components of cardia output are increased | stroke volume and heart rate |
| vascular resistance decreases-basodilation in skeletal uscles | bp does not decrease b.c of increased vardiac output |
| systolic pressure can increase to 250mmhg | high systolic pressure is necessary to maintain blood flow to vessels being occluded by intense muscle contraction |
| Long term responses and adaptations to exercise | increase CO(increase in SV), cardiac hypertrophy, decreased in resting heart rate, little change in BP |
| Once exercise ceases what happens? | hr should decrease by atleast 12 bpm after the first min(mor fit, quicker it falls), BP should drop 8-12 mmHg/MET level |
| AHA minimal components | capable of identifying up to 50% of atrisk ath, follow up testing should be done for any suspected abnormalities-ECG echocardiogram, blood tests, CMR exercise testing |
| Echocardiogram | ultrasound of the heart |
| Blood tests | sickle cell trait/diseas, mycardial infarction |
| CMR | Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging |
| ECG | electrocardiogram-assesses the hearts electricle system, relitively inexpensive test, assocate w. false positives |
| Pwave | atrial depolarization |
| QRS segment | ventricular depolarization |
| Twave | ventricular repolarization |
| diagnostic testing? | some controversy as to whether ppe should include ECGs, echocardiograms, or blood testing, ATs should discuss the use of these CV screening tests w/ their team physicians, decision to include tests in standare PPE is both a philosophical and finacial one |
Created by:
jwebst1
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