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BSC 2010C Chapter 12
Review for Test# 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what chapters are we learning about? | chapter 12 chapter 13 chapter 14 chapter 15 |
| Cell Cycle includes... | Cell Cycle, CDK, Cyclin, G0, G1, G2,Interphase, Mitosis, S Phase. |
| Cell Cycle | 2-phase cycle during which a cell replicates its DNA, divides, and then goes through the processes necessary to replicate DNA. The two phases of the Cell Cycle are Interphase and Mitosis. |
| CDK | Cyclin Dependent Kinase: a protein found in eukaryotic cells responsible for regulating progression through the cell cycle. must be complexed with cyclins in order to be active. Concentration gradually increases |
| When the concentration is _____ the cell ______. | high; divide. |
| Cyclin | Chemical that helps cell cycle go around. |
| G0 | Last Stage. Cells stop dividing |
| G1 | First Stage. Cell grows. Protein supply increases *Restriction point occurs* |
| Restriction Point | cell makes centr_____ decisions The "point of no return" in the G1 phase of the cell cycle; once a cell proceeds beyond Start, it proceeds through the rest of the cycle, including mitosis and cytokinesis. |
| G2 | second stage. Checks for DNA cell damage ; protein increases |
| Interphase | (Longest part of the cell cycle)this includes the sub-phases: G1, S, G2. *Mitosis is the second phase* |
| Mitosis (CC) | shorter phase of the 2-phase eukaryotic cell cycle. *Interphase is the first phase* |
| Mitosis relates to what kind of cells...? | somatic cells = body cells |
| Mitosis | diploid, unreplicated. 2n to 2n 2n = 46 (humans) |
| Kinase | An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule |
| CDK (Cyclin Dependent Kinase) /MPF | co-chemical attached to CDK |
| Prophase | Mitosis, • Nuclear membrane breaks down *first stage of mitosis* • Spindle fibers form • DNA cells condense |
| Metaphase | Mitosis, • Chromosome line up along the metaphase plate Spindle fibers attach *comes after Prophase* |
| Anaphase | Mitosis, Sister chromosome separates *comes after Metaphase* |
| Telophase/Cytokinesis | nuclear membrane reforms |
| Cytokinesis | "division of cytoplasm" |
| Mitosis can occur in both... | plants & and animals |
| How does mitosis work in Plants and Animasl? | Plants: inside out Animals: Outside |
| Normal cells divide.... | 20 to 50 times |
| Telomerase | Control how many times a cell divides |
| What are the 2 laws cell abide by? | anchange dependence & Density Dependent *Cancer does not follow these laws!* |
| Anchange Dependence | cells must be attached to something in order to divide |
| Density Dependent | cells will continue to to divide until the meet |
| Cancer is contracted by... | Random - 95% Hereditary - 5% |
| Treatments for Cancer? | Radiation & Chemotherapy |
| p53 | a tumor suppressor, controls cell suicide AKA "Guardian Genome" |
| Name two ways cells can die. | Necrosis & Apoptosis |
| Necrosis | cells naturally die after splitting 20 to 50 times |
| Apoptosis | Programmed cell death Example: Getting a sunburn. |
| S | third Stage. DNA synthesis, replication occurs. |
| 3 Major Checkpoints in the Cell Cycle is | G1 G2 M (Mitosis & Meiosis) |
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