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Ch 11 Endocrine
Physiology Ch 11 Endocrine System Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Endocrine System | Cells, tissues, and organs collectively called endocrine glands |
| Hormones | A substance secreted by an endocrine gland and transported in the blood |
| Target Cell | A cell with specific receptors on which a hormone exerts its effect |
| Paracrine Secretions | Local hormones that only affect neighboring cells |
| Autocrine Secretions | Local hormones that affect the secreting cell itself |
| Steroid Hormones | Hormones that are made up of complex rings of carbon and hydrogen; are insoluble in water and enter a target cell. |
| Nonsteroid Hormones | Hormones that are made up of amines, peptides, and proteins, and usually bind to receptors in the target cell membrane |
| First Messenger | The hormone that triggers the receptor's activity site to interact with other membrane proteins |
| Second Messengers | The biochemicals in the cell that induce changes in response to the hormone's binding |
| Prostaglandins | A group of bio chemicals that have powerful, hormone like effects. |
| Negative Feedback | A mechanism activated by an imbalance that corrects the imbalance. |
| Pituitary Gland | Endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain consisting of anterior and posterior lobes. |
| Growth Hormone | Stimulates cells to increase in size and divide more frequently |
| Prolactin | Stimulates and sustains a mother's milk production following the birth of an infant |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone | Controls the thyroid gland secretions |
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone | Controls the manufacture and secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer of the adrenal gland |
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone | Exert their actions on the gonads |
| Antidiuretic Hormone | Decreases urine formation |
| Oxytocin | Contracts smooth muscles in the uterine wall and stimulates uterine contractions during the later stages of childbirth |
| Thyroid gland | Endocrine gland located just below the larynx and in front of the trachea |
| Thyroxine | Help regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. |
| Triiodothyronine | Five times more potent that thyroxine but has the same actions |
| Calcitonin | Decreases blood calcium and phosphate ion concentration |
| Parathyroid Glands | One of the four small endocrine glands embedded in the posterior portion of the thyroid gland |
| Parathyroid Hormone | Increases the level of blood calcium and phosphate concentration |
| Adrenal Glands | Gland located on the superior portion of each kidney |
| Adrenal Medulla | The inner portion of the adrenal gland |
| Adrenal Cortex | The outer portion of the adrenal gland |
| Epinephrine/Norepinephrine | Increase heart rate, force of cardiac muscle contraction, breathing rate, and blood glucose level, elevate blood pressure, and decrease digestive activity |
| Aldosterone | Regulates the concentration of mineral electrolytes |
| Cortisol | Affects glucose metabolism and influences protein and fat metabolism |
| Pancreas | Glandular organ found in the abdominal cavity that secretes hormones and digestive enzymes |
| Glucagon | Releases stored glucose; raises blood glucose concentration |
| Insulin | Stimulates the cell to take up glucose; lowering blood glucose concentration |
| Pineal Gland | A small structure in the central part of the brain that controls the biorhythms |
| Melatonin | A hormone that controls night and day rhythms |
| Circadian Rhythms | Patterns of repeated activity associated with the environmental cycles of day and night. |
| Thymus Gland | A glandular organ in the mediastinum behind the sternum and between the lungs |
| Thymosins | A group of peptides that increases the production of certain types of white blood cells. |
| Stress | A condition caused by nerve impulses that send signals that the body's internal environment has changed in a way that can threaten life |
| Stressor | A factor that can stimulate a response to perceived danger |
| General Adaptation Syndrome | The physiological responses to stress |
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jmglbrt
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