Ch 11 Endocrine Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Endocrine System | Cells, tissues, and organs collectively called endocrine glands |
Hormones | A substance secreted by an endocrine gland and transported in the blood |
Target Cell | A cell with specific receptors on which a hormone exerts its effect |
Paracrine Secretions | Local hormones that only affect neighboring cells |
Autocrine Secretions | Local hormones that affect the secreting cell itself |
Steroid Hormones | Hormones that are made up of complex rings of carbon and hydrogen; are insoluble in water and enter a target cell. |
Nonsteroid Hormones | Hormones that are made up of amines, peptides, and proteins, and usually bind to receptors in the target cell membrane |
First Messenger | The hormone that triggers the receptor's activity site to interact with other membrane proteins |
Second Messengers | The biochemicals in the cell that induce changes in response to the hormone's binding |
Prostaglandins | A group of bio chemicals that have powerful, hormone like effects. |
Negative Feedback | A mechanism activated by an imbalance that corrects the imbalance. |
Pituitary Gland | Endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain consisting of anterior and posterior lobes. |
Growth Hormone | Stimulates cells to increase in size and divide more frequently |
Prolactin | Stimulates and sustains a mother's milk production following the birth of an infant |
Thyroid-stimulating hormone | Controls the thyroid gland secretions |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone | Controls the manufacture and secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer of the adrenal gland |
Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone | Exert their actions on the gonads |
Antidiuretic Hormone | Decreases urine formation |
Oxytocin | Contracts smooth muscles in the uterine wall and stimulates uterine contractions during the later stages of childbirth |
Thyroid gland | Endocrine gland located just below the larynx and in front of the trachea |
Thyroxine | Help regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. |
Triiodothyronine | Five times more potent that thyroxine but has the same actions |
Calcitonin | Decreases blood calcium and phosphate ion concentration |
Parathyroid Glands | One of the four small endocrine glands embedded in the posterior portion of the thyroid gland |
Parathyroid Hormone | Increases the level of blood calcium and phosphate concentration |
Adrenal Glands | Gland located on the superior portion of each kidney |
Adrenal Medulla | The inner portion of the adrenal gland |
Adrenal Cortex | The outer portion of the adrenal gland |
Epinephrine/Norepinephrine | Increase heart rate, force of cardiac muscle contraction, breathing rate, and blood glucose level, elevate blood pressure, and decrease digestive activity |
Aldosterone | Regulates the concentration of mineral electrolytes |
Cortisol | Affects glucose metabolism and influences protein and fat metabolism |
Pancreas | Glandular organ found in the abdominal cavity that secretes hormones and digestive enzymes |
Glucagon | Releases stored glucose; raises blood glucose concentration |
Insulin | Stimulates the cell to take up glucose; lowering blood glucose concentration |
Pineal Gland | A small structure in the central part of the brain that controls the biorhythms |
Melatonin | A hormone that controls night and day rhythms |
Circadian Rhythms | Patterns of repeated activity associated with the environmental cycles of day and night. |
Thymus Gland | A glandular organ in the mediastinum behind the sternum and between the lungs |
Thymosins | A group of peptides that increases the production of certain types of white blood cells. |
Stress | A condition caused by nerve impulses that send signals that the body's internal environment has changed in a way that can threaten life |
Stressor | A factor that can stimulate a response to perceived danger |
General Adaptation Syndrome | The physiological responses to stress |
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