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Chemistry-AP Biology
5 Steps tp 5- Bold terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| element | matter in its simplest form |
| atom | smallest form of an element that still displays its particular properties. |
| cations | positive(+ve charge). more protons than electrons. |
| anions | negative(-ve charge). more electrons than protons. |
| compounds | Elements combine to form compounds. |
| Organic compounds | Carbon containing compounds. Important examples include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. |
| Inorganic compounds | For the most part compounds containing no carbon. There are some exceptions such as carbon dioxide(CO2), carbon monoxide(CO), and others. |
| Carbohydrates | Organic compouns used by the cells of the human body in energy-producing reactions and as structural material. The 3 main types of carbohydrates are: 1) Mono 2) Di 3) Poly -Saccharides |
| Proteins | Organic compound composed of chains of amino acids that function as structural components, transport aids, enzymes, cell signals, among other things. |
| Lipids | Hydrophobic organic compounds used by cells as energy stores o building blocks. 3 important lipids are: fats steroids phospholipids |
| Nucleic acids | Macromolecule composed of nucleotides, sugars, and phosphates that serves as genetic material of living organisms (DNA and RNA). |
| Functional groups | The groups responsible for the chemical properties of organic compounds. |
| Fats | Lipids made by combining glycerol and fatty acids, used as long term energy stores in cells. They can be saturated or unsaturated. |
| Oils | Type of lipid. |
| Steroids | Lipids composed of 4 carbon rings. Examples include : Cholesterol estrogen progesterone testosterone |
| Phospholipids | Lipid with both a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head; The major component of cell membranes with the hydrophilic phosphate group forming the outside portion and the hydrophobic tail forming the interior of the wall. |
| Glycerol | 3 carbon molecule that combines with fatty acids to produce a variety of lipids. |
| Fatty acid | Long Carbon( C ) chain that contains a carboxyl group on 1 end that combines with glycerol molecules to form lipids. |
| Saturated fat | Fat that contains no double bonds. It is associated with heart disease and artherosclerosis. |
| Unsaturated Fat | Fat that contains 1 or more double bonds; Found in plants. |
| Monosaccharide | The simplest form of carbohydrate. The most important monosaccharide is glucose, which is used in cellular respiration to provide energy for cells. |
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vm9222
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