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Energy Transformatio

energy transformation at the chemical level

QuestionAnswer
What compound transfers energy between chemical bonds into endergonic reactions within the cell? APT: Adenosine triphosphate. Composed of adenosine [nucleotide adenine, ribose sugar, phosphate group] and phosphate groups linked by high energy covalent bonds.
ADP + Pi + energy ----> ATP
What are the processes that convert ADP to ATP? Phosphorylation and chemiosmosis
Substrate-level Phosphorylation Enzyme acts on substrates ADP and 3rd phospate, creating ATP.
Chemiosmosis Enzymes arranged in an Electron Transport Chain embedded in membrane (chloroplast or mitochondrian). H+ ions pumped through membrane by redox, shedding energy. Shunted to ATP synthesizing enzyme, attached 3rd phosphate.
Chemical formula for phosphorylation W + APT ---> W~P + ADP
Created by: esculenta
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