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A&P practical 2
ch. 3 and 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two major parts of a cell are the nucleus and? | Membrane |
| What is the smallest cell? | Red Blood Cell |
| The _ proteins in a membrane function as enzymes. | Peripheral |
| The inside lining of the digestive tract is lined with cells that are held together by? | Tight Junctions |
| The _ is the source of most of the cellular energy | Mitochondrion |
| The _ contains enzymes that are used to degrade foreign particles as well as cell structures. | Lysosomes |
| The _ is the organelle that plays a complex function in cell reproduction. | Centriole |
| The protein actin is found in _, which results in some type of movement or contraction | microfilaments |
| The process that results in daughter cells with half of the original chromosome number is | meiosis |
| Chromosomes are aligned along the equatorial line during the _ stage of division. | metaphase |
| The _ stage occurs when two daughter cells have completely formed. | telophase |
| During hyperplasia, cells are dividing at a rapid rate and may progress towards a _ state. | cancerous |
| Which feature is a characteristic of the cell membrane? | is a phospholipid bilayer, which is selectively permeable, slightly self repairing, and has some proteins embedded in it. |
| The type of proteins that guide cells on the move in the bloodstream to their destination at a wound site are_ | Cell adhesion molecules |
| _ provides both structural support and the enzymes needed to make proteins from amino acid building blocks. | ribosomes |
| What organelle consists of microtubules and functions both in distributing chromosomes during cell division and in forming portions of cilla and flagella. | centrosome |
| In what part of the nucleus does ribosome production occur? | In the area of the nucleolus |
| By which process does a glucose molecule move through a cell membrane protein carrier from a region of greater concentration to one of lower concentration? | facilitated diffusion |
| In the liver, the _ may play a role in producing the enzymes that help detoxify drugs. | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| A ribosome is an example of a _ | organelle |
| A cell membrane allows only needed substances to pass and is therefore called _ | selective |
| A human cell membrane is comprised of the following except which one? | nucleic acids |
| The following molecules freely pass through a cell membrane except which one? | amino acids |
| Hormones come in contact with the _ molecules in a membrane. | rod-like protein |
| The cells in heart muscle are often held togetherby area called_ | gap junctions |
| The _ functions to package molecules into vesicles that can be transported out of a cell. | golgi apparatus |
| A combination of a sugar with a protein is a _ | glycoprotein |
| The _ functions as a sac-like or tubular network of structures that provides transport. | endoplasmic reticulum |
| The cristae are the inner portions of the _ | mitochondria |
| Catalase is an enzyme, which grades _ | hydrogen peroxide |
| The structures that cause fluids and mucus to move across their surface are the _ | cilia |
| What human cell does not have a flagellum? | intestine |
| Membranous sacs that contain fluids or particles for transport are called the _ | vesicles |
| The following belong together except which one? microtubule, microvilli, aid in DNA movement, comprise an internal skeleton | microvilli |
| What is the term for chemical particles in a cell which appear lifeless and have no obvious function? | inclusion |
| The following are inclusions except which one? glycogen, melanin, lipids, vesicles | vesicles |
| The movement of particles from higher to lower concentration is termed _ | diffusion |
| The following will increase the rate of diffusion except which factor? increased temperature, increased concentration, increased molecular weight, shorter distances | increased molecular weight |
| Movement of particles from higher to lower concentrations through a membrane, such as in dialysis, occurs by_ | diffusion |
| Membranes that have a higher osmotic pressure on one side tend to | draw water towards that side |
| Hypertonic solutions tend to cause cells to | shrink |
| Normal isotonic sodium chloride solution is _%. | 0.9% |
| The movement of a salt through a membrane, such as in a kidney, because of pressure differences is called_ | filtration |
| Hydrostatic refers to pressure of _ | the solvent |
| Movement of molecules from low to high concentrations is _ | active transport |
| The ability of leukocytes to engulf bacteria is due to the process of _ | phagocytosis |
| In receptor-mediated endocytosis, and LDL particle of cholesterol is attracted to cells that contain_ | apoprotein-B receptors |
| As a result of mitosis, the number of chromosomes _ | is doubled |
| At which stages does the chromosome number double? | interphase |
| Two chromatids are attached at the _ region. | centromere |
| The centromeres divide during the _ stage of mitosis. | anaphase |
| The process _ explains how embryonic cells become specialized and diverse. | differentation |
| The main division process in the early embryo is _. | mitosis |
| Cancer cells can disseminate to other areas by a process called _. | metastasis |
| Which channel-blocker medication can be used to treat hypertension or angina pectoris? | calcium |
| What type of cell is bacterium? | prokaryotic |
| The _ of a cell is the most critical factor in determining its function. | shape |
| The _ of the cell directs its overall activities as well as houses its genetic material. | nucleus |
| Molecules that are solute in _ can pass through the fatty acid portion of the cell membrane unassisted. | lipids |
| Cells use up to 40% of their daily energy expenditure engaged in what important process? | active transport |
| During what phase of the cell does DNA replication occur? | S phase |
| Chromosomes align midway between centrioles during what phase of mitosis? | metaphase |
| DNA can be found within chromosomes during division but prior to division DNA exists as long thin _ strands. | chromatin |
| Which chemicals on the surface of cells function to attach to and recognize hormones? | proteins |
| The term _ can be used to imply all of the chemical reactions within a cell. | metabolism |
| The cristae are structures found within the _ organelle. | mitochondrion |
| Which of the following does not belong with others? diffusion, osmosis, active transport, passive transport | active transport |
| One mechanism in the skin that prevents cells from becoming loose and separating is the presence of junctions called desmosomes. | True |
| A TEM is a device that is used to magnify a cell only about 1,000 times. | False |
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has a significant function in protein synthesis. | False |
| Selectiviely permeable membranes allow proteins to pass through them. | False |
| Lysosomes degrade bacteria and worn cells, and can cause disease by destroying normal tissues. | True |
| Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical toxic to most cells and is produced by some human cells. | True |
| Peroxisomes can play a role in the detoxification of alcohol. | True |
| The centrioles are microtubules that play a significant role in ATP and energy production. | False |
| The nucleus is an organelle enclosed in a double layer of membrane. | True |
| The nucleolus functions mainly in the synthesis of DNA. | False |
| Chromatin is the term for the loosely coiled appearance of DNA in a non-dividing cell. | True |
| In the process of apoptosis, cells shrink and die but the basic structure of the organelles remains constant. | True |
| DNA has chemicals that direct metabolic processes as well as reproduction. | True |
| At the point of equilibrium, during diffusion, there is no further movement of any molecules. | False |
| In general, the rate of diffusion of a molecule is faster in areas of higher temperature. | True |
| The sugar added to a water solution is termed the solvent. | False |
| During renal dialysis, a type of diffusion, it is possible to remove all of a metabolic waste such as urea, from the blood. | False |
| Osmosis is the movement of water and can occur through any type of permeable membrane. | True |
| Osmosis is considered a special case of diffusion and is passive in nature. | True |
| Cancer cells are more sensitive to drugs and radiation than normal cells. | True |
| There are many possible causes of cancer including viruses, radiation or exposure to chemicals. | True |
| It is possible for an intravenous solution that is labeled isotonic, to by hypotonic to a patient. | True |
| In active transport, energy is consumed by the cell membrane in the form of ATP. | True |
| Endocytosis is a passive transport process. | False |
| Bone cells contain genes for nerve cells that have been repressed. | True |
| Ribosomes are comprised of RNA that has been synthesized directly by the nucleolus. | True |
| Vesicles differ from vacuoles in that vesicles are usually produced for the purpose of causing something to leave the cell. | False |
| The Golgi apparatus plays a direct role in producing the complete cell membrane. | False |
| Cells have the capability of synthesizing water during metabolism. | True |
| Membranes are called selectively permeable because they allow most substances to enter the cell. | False |
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