ch. 3 and 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Two major parts of a cell are the nucleus and? | Membrane
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| What is the smallest cell? | Red Blood Cell
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| The _ proteins in a membrane function as enzymes. | Peripheral
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| The inside lining of the digestive tract is lined with cells that are held together by? | Tight Junctions
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| The _ is the source of most of the cellular energy | Mitochondrion
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| The _ contains enzymes that are used to degrade foreign particles as well as cell structures. | Lysosomes
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| The _ is the organelle that plays a complex function in cell reproduction. | Centriole
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| The protein actin is found in _, which results in some type of movement or contraction | microfilaments
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| The process that results in daughter cells with half of the original chromosome number is | meiosis
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| Chromosomes are aligned along the equatorial line during the _ stage of division. | metaphase
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| The _ stage occurs when two daughter cells have completely formed. | telophase
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| During hyperplasia, cells are dividing at a rapid rate and may progress towards a _ state. | cancerous
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| Which feature is a characteristic of the cell membrane? | is a phospholipid bilayer, which is selectively permeable, slightly self repairing, and has some proteins embedded in it.
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| The type of proteins that guide cells on the move in the bloodstream to their destination at a wound site are_ | Cell adhesion molecules
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| _ provides both structural support and the enzymes needed to make proteins from amino acid building blocks. | ribosomes
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| What organelle consists of microtubules and functions both in distributing chromosomes during cell division and in forming portions of cilla and flagella. | centrosome
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| In what part of the nucleus does ribosome production occur? | In the area of the nucleolus
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| By which process does a glucose molecule move through a cell membrane protein carrier from a region of greater concentration to one of lower concentration? | facilitated diffusion
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| In the liver, the _ may play a role in producing the enzymes that help detoxify drugs. | smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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| A ribosome is an example of a _ | organelle
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| A cell membrane allows only needed substances to pass and is therefore called _ | selective
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| A human cell membrane is comprised of the following except which one? | nucleic acids
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| The following molecules freely pass through a cell membrane except which one? | amino acids
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| Hormones come in contact with the _ molecules in a membrane. | rod-like protein
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| The cells in heart muscle are often held togetherby area called_ | gap junctions
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| The _ functions to package molecules into vesicles that can be transported out of a cell. | golgi apparatus
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| A combination of a sugar with a protein is a _ | glycoprotein
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| The _ functions as a sac-like or tubular network of structures that provides transport. | endoplasmic reticulum
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| The cristae are the inner portions of the _ | mitochondria
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| Catalase is an enzyme, which grades _ | hydrogen peroxide
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| The structures that cause fluids and mucus to move across their surface are the _ | cilia
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| What human cell does not have a flagellum? | intestine
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| Membranous sacs that contain fluids or particles for transport are called the _ | vesicles
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| The following belong together except which one? microtubule, microvilli, aid in DNA movement, comprise an internal skeleton | microvilli
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| What is the term for chemical particles in a cell which appear lifeless and have no obvious function? | inclusion
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| The following are inclusions except which one? glycogen, melanin, lipids, vesicles | vesicles
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| The movement of particles from higher to lower concentration is termed _ | diffusion
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| The following will increase the rate of diffusion except which factor? increased temperature, increased concentration, increased molecular weight, shorter distances | increased molecular weight
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| Movement of particles from higher to lower concentrations through a membrane, such as in dialysis, occurs by_ | diffusion
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| Membranes that have a higher osmotic pressure on one side tend to | draw water towards that side
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| Hypertonic solutions tend to cause cells to | shrink
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| Normal isotonic sodium chloride solution is _%. | 0.9%
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| The movement of a salt through a membrane, such as in a kidney, because of pressure differences is called_ | filtration
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| Hydrostatic refers to pressure of _ | the solvent
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| Movement of molecules from low to high concentrations is _ | active transport
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| The ability of leukocytes to engulf bacteria is due to the process of _ | phagocytosis
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| In receptor-mediated endocytosis, and LDL particle of cholesterol is attracted to cells that contain_ | apoprotein-B receptors
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| As a result of mitosis, the number of chromosomes _ | is doubled
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| At which stages does the chromosome number double? | interphase
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| Two chromatids are attached at the _ region. | centromere
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| The centromeres divide during the _ stage of mitosis. | anaphase
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| The process _ explains how embryonic cells become specialized and diverse. | differentation
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| The main division process in the early embryo is _. | mitosis
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| Cancer cells can disseminate to other areas by a process called _. | metastasis
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| Which channel-blocker medication can be used to treat hypertension or angina pectoris? | calcium
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| What type of cell is bacterium? | prokaryotic
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| The _ of a cell is the most critical factor in determining its function. | shape
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| The _ of the cell directs its overall activities as well as houses its genetic material. | nucleus
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| Molecules that are solute in _ can pass through the fatty acid portion of the cell membrane unassisted. | lipids
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| Cells use up to 40% of their daily energy expenditure engaged in what important process? | active transport
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| During what phase of the cell does DNA replication occur? | S phase
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| Chromosomes align midway between centrioles during what phase of mitosis? | metaphase
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| DNA can be found within chromosomes during division but prior to division DNA exists as long thin _ strands. | chromatin
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| Which chemicals on the surface of cells function to attach to and recognize hormones? | proteins
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| The term _ can be used to imply all of the chemical reactions within a cell. | metabolism
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| The cristae are structures found within the _ organelle. | mitochondrion
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| Which of the following does not belong with others? diffusion, osmosis, active transport, passive transport | active transport
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| One mechanism in the skin that prevents cells from becoming loose and separating is the presence of junctions called desmosomes. | True
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| A TEM is a device that is used to magnify a cell only about 1,000 times. | False
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| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has a significant function in protein synthesis. | False
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| Selectiviely permeable membranes allow proteins to pass through them. | False
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| Lysosomes degrade bacteria and worn cells, and can cause disease by destroying normal tissues. | True
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| Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical toxic to most cells and is produced by some human cells. | True
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| Peroxisomes can play a role in the detoxification of alcohol. | True
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| The centrioles are microtubules that play a significant role in ATP and energy production. | False
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| The nucleus is an organelle enclosed in a double layer of membrane. | True
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| The nucleolus functions mainly in the synthesis of DNA. | False
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| Chromatin is the term for the loosely coiled appearance of DNA in a non-dividing cell. | True
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| In the process of apoptosis, cells shrink and die but the basic structure of the organelles remains constant. | True
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| DNA has chemicals that direct metabolic processes as well as reproduction. | True
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| At the point of equilibrium, during diffusion, there is no further movement of any molecules. | False
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| In general, the rate of diffusion of a molecule is faster in areas of higher temperature. | True
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| The sugar added to a water solution is termed the solvent. | False
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| During renal dialysis, a type of diffusion, it is possible to remove all of a metabolic waste such as urea, from the blood. | False
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| Osmosis is the movement of water and can occur through any type of permeable membrane. | True
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| Osmosis is considered a special case of diffusion and is passive in nature. | True
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| Cancer cells are more sensitive to drugs and radiation than normal cells. | True
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| There are many possible causes of cancer including viruses, radiation or exposure to chemicals. | True
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| It is possible for an intravenous solution that is labeled isotonic, to by hypotonic to a patient. | True
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| In active transport, energy is consumed by the cell membrane in the form of ATP. | True
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| Endocytosis is a passive transport process. | False
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| Bone cells contain genes for nerve cells that have been repressed. | True
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| Ribosomes are comprised of RNA that has been synthesized directly by the nucleolus. | True
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| Vesicles differ from vacuoles in that vesicles are usually produced for the purpose of causing something to leave the cell. | False
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| The Golgi apparatus plays a direct role in producing the complete cell membrane. | False
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| Cells have the capability of synthesizing water during metabolism. | True
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| Membranes are called selectively permeable because they allow most substances to enter the cell. | False
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