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Biology Ch. 4 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a protein that binds specific signal molecules, which causes the cell to respond (2 Words) | receptor protein |
| the movement of particles from regions of higher to lower concentration | diffusion |
| the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy (2 Words) | active transport |
| the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell (2 Words) | passive transport |
| the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins (2 Words) | facilitated diffusion |
| rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support for the cell (2 Words) | cell wall |
| a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes | phospholipids |
| the diffusion of water or another solution from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a membrane that is permeable | osmosis |
| the basic structure of a biological membrane, composed of two layers of phospholipids (2 Words) | lipid bilayer |
| a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell | hypotonic |
| a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell | hypertonic |
| the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out | exocytosis |
| a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance (2 Words) | concentration gradient |
| a pore in a cell membrane through which ions can pass (2 Words) | ion channel |
| a molecule that is generated when a specific substance attaches to a receptor on the outside of a cell membrane, which produces a change in cellular function (2 Words) | second messenger |
| term used to describe the materials that make up a cell membrane - made up of various materials floating in phospholipids (3 Words) | fluid mosaic model |
| the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell | endocytosis |
| a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment (2 Words) | cell membrane |
| a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell | isotonic |
Created by:
esalbright
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